Egyptian stelae in the Levant

The Egyptian Stelae in the Levant are the approximately 25 Ancient Egyptian stelae discovered in the Levant, today known as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan.[1] The most notable examples are the Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb and the Beisan steles.

Only five pharaohs are represented: Thutmosis III and his son Amenophis II (1479 - 1401 BC, both 18th dynasty), Seti I and his son Ramesses II and (1290 BC to 1213 BC, both 19th dynasty), and Shoshenq I (943–922 BC, 22nd dynasty).

List of known stelae

Original location Image Pharaoh / year Preservation Discovery date Current location Ref.
Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb An Egyptian stele Ramesses II, year 4 rock-stela, eroded 1697 in situ [2]
An Egyptian stele Ramesses II, year 10 rock-stela, eroded 1697
An Egyptian stele Ramesses II rock-stela, eroded, vandalized in 1860/61 1697
Aadloun stele An Egyptian stele Ramesses II rock-stela, eroded since destroyed ? in situ, now destroyed
Al-Shaykh Saad An Egyptian stele Ramesses II complete, eroded 1891 (unknown) [3]
Tell Shihab An Egyptian stele Seti I Fragment 1901 Istanbul [4]
Byblos An Egyptian stele Ramesses II, year 4 Two fragments 1919 Beirut
Tell al-Nabi Mando An Egyptian stele Seti I Fragment 1921 Aleppo
Beisan steles An Egyptian stele Seti I Fragment 1921 Rockefeller Archeological Museum
An Egyptian stele Seti I, year 1 Complete 1923
An Egyptian stele Ramesses II, year 18 Complete 1923 Penn Museum
Ramesses II Two fragments 1923, 1925 Jerusalem and Penn Museum [5]
Tel Megiddo An Egyptian stele Sheshonq I Fragment 1925-29 Jerusalem [6][7]
Tell el-'Oreimeh Thutmosis III or Amenophis II Fragment 1928 Deganya [8]
Byblos Thutmosis III (?) Fragment 1933-38 Beirut
Tyre Seti I Two fragments 1960s
Ramesses II Fragment 1960s
An Egyptian stele Ramesses II Fragment prior to 1975
Al-Kiswah Ramesses II, year 56 Fragment 1994 Damascus
at-Turra Ramesses II Fragment 1999 in situ
Maydaa An Egyptian stele 2010 [9]

See also

Bibliography

  • Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A New Stela of Ramesses II in Jordan in the Context of Egyptian Royal Stelae in the Levant". Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.14236. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  • Weinstein, James M. (1981). "The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (241). American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–28. doi:10.2307/1356708. eISSN 2161-8062. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1356708. S2CID 164015977. Retrieved 2023-04-23.

References

  1. ^ Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A New Stela of Ramesses II in Jordan in the Context of Egyptian Royal Stelae in the Levant". Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.14236. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  2. ^ Weißbach, Franz Heinrich [in German] (1922), Theodor Wiegand (ed.), "Die Denkmäler und Inschriften an der Mündung des Nahr el-Kelb", Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen des deutsch-türkischen Denkmalschutz-Kommandos (6), de Gruyter
  3. ^ Schumacher, G. (1891). "Der Hiobstein, Sachrat Eijub, im Hauran". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 14. Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 142–147. ISSN 2192-3124. JSTOR 27928608. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  4. ^ Smith, 1901, p. 347 ff
  5. ^ https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/198551
  6. ^ Chapman III, Rupert L. (2009). "Putting Sheshonq I in his Place". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 141 (1). Informa UK Limited: 4–17. doi:10.1179/174313009x387617. ISSN 0031-0328. S2CID 218661383.
  7. ^ "OIC 4. The Excavation of Armageddon". Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  8. ^ Albright, W. F.; Rowe, Alan (1928). "A Royal Stele of the New Empire from Galilee". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 14 (3/4). Egypt Exploration Society: 281–287. doi:10.1177/030751332801400157. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3854305. S2CID 194005637. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  9. ^ Lagarce, Bérénice (2010). "UNE STÈLE RAMESSIDE À MEYDAA (RÉGION DE DAMAS) ET LA PRÉSENCE ÉGYPTIENNE EN UPÉ". Syria. 87 (87). Institut Francais du Proche-Orient: 53–68. doi:10.4000/syria.652. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 41681330. S2CID 193681904. Retrieved 2023-04-17.<