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Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées (French pronunciation: [diplom detyd sypeʁjœʁ spesjalize], DESS) was an old diploma in France, which is no longer awarded. It completed a fifth year of higher education aimed at professional practice. It could be chosen after one had got a maîtrise universitaire [fr]. This diploma has been abolished when the bachelor/master/doctorate system had been introduced in Europe (in France between 2003 and 2006) and was replaced by the master.^[1]

References

^ "Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées / DESS". French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2024.

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[1] "Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées / DESS". French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2024.

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