Professor, author, politician, activist, political consultant, filmmaker
Dick Weldon Simpson (born 1940) is an American professor, author, politician, activist, political consultant, and filmmaker who formerly served as a Chicago alderman from 1971 through 1979.
From 1967 until 2022, Simpson was a professor of political science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. From 2006 until 2012, he served as the head of the university's political science department. Simpson has also worked on political campaigns and as a government advisor. He has written an extensive amount of published material on the subject of government and politics.
Participating in the civil rights movement, Simpson took part in a 1960 stand-in protest.[4] He graduated from the University of Texas in 1963.[3] He received his PhD from Indiana University.[5] He spent some time in Sierra Leone completing research for his doctoral dissertation.[3] While living in Africa, he wrote to his adviser specifically requesting for him to find him a job in a large city with racial conflict, as he desired to be part of the progressive political transformation of a city.[3]
Simpson served two terms as a Chicago alderman for the 44th Ward, from 1971 through 1979.[16][17][18]
Election campaigns
Simpson was first elected in 1971 in an open race. Incumbent 44th ward alderman William Singer was redistricted into the 43rd ward.[7][19][20][21] In the redistricting that took place before the 1971 election, the 44th ward was redrawn to include less of the heavily Jewish and politically independent lakefront, and to include more of the heavily Democratic areas to the west, making it a harder district for Simpson to win as an independent than it had been for Singer to win as an independent.[22] Nevertheless, Simpson defeated the city's Democratic machine to win election to the 44th Ward seat, defeating James B. Kargman. Kragman had the support of the city's Democratic Party organization, as well as the endorsements of some prominent Democratic politicians, such as Adlai Stevenson III and Sidney R. Yates.[7][22][23] Kargman was the son of a politically-connected Cook County Circuit Court judge.[24] Simpson was supported by lakefront liberal voters.[25] He ran on a platform that advocated for community control of municipal programs such as urban renewal. Community groups of the 44th ward were in the midst of a dispute with the city over urban renewal at the time of the election.[22] The third candidate originally on the ballot in the 1971 race, Laura C. Keith, withdrew weeks before the election and endorsed Simpson.[22]
Simpson was reelected alderman in 1975, again defeating an opponent supported by the city's Democratic Party organization, Edward Marsalek.[3][26] Weeks ahead of the election, a third candidate, Wesley Pucinski (the brother of then-41st ward alderman Roman Pucinski) withdrew from the race and endorsed Marsalek.[27] The Committee for an Effective City Council, a group founded to support the election of "independent" candidates to the Chicago City Council, endorsed him and twelve other aldermanic candidates (including fellow incumbents William Cousins, Anna Langford, and John Hoellen) on the same day that Pucinksi withdrew.[27]
Tenure
As an alderman, Simpson remained a political independent.[28] He was among a handful of liberal alderman on the Chicago City Council.[7] He was an advocate of political reform.[29] He was supported by the lakefront liberals.[25] Throughout his tenure, Simpson remained a professor in political science at the University of Illinois at Chicago.[30]
During his time on the City Council, Simpson was a critic of Richard J. Daley.[28] After he was elected alderman in February 1971, alderman-elect Simpson endorsed Daley's Republican-nominated opponent Richard Friedman in the 1971 Chicago mayoral election (for which the general election was held in April).[31] Despite being nominated by the Republican Party, Friedman was politically an political-reform minded independent Democrat with roots in the Better Government Association,[32][8][33] and was similarly endorsed by Jesse Jackson.[32] Daley and Simpson first directly butted heads early into Simpson's tenure as an alderman, when, on July 27, 1971, he questioned Daley's proposed appointment of Thomas Keane Jr, son of Daley's City Council floor leader, alderman Thomas E. Keane, to the city's Zoning Board of Appeals.[14] He questioned the conflict of appointing Keane Jr., vice-president of Arthur Rubloff & Co., one of the city's largest real estate firms.[14][30] There were other instances where heated arguments erupted between Simpson and Daley.[34][3] In once instance, Simpson angered Daley so severely that Daley attempted to have the City Council's sergeant at arms force Simpson back into his seat.[35]
Simpson became the leader of the minority bloc of independents on the Chicago City Council. As such, he came into conflict with Michael Bilandic, first during Bilandic's stint as Daley's floor leader on the City Council, and later when Bilandic took office as mayor after Daley's death in office.[30] Simpson and fellow independent alderman Martin J. Oberman were the only two aldermen to vote against the resolution appointing Bilandic to hold the mayoralty on an (initially) interim basis after Daley's death.[36][37] Like with Daley, he frequently stood in strong opposition to Bilandic during Bilandic's mayoralty.[15]
Being in the minority opposition to mayors Daley and Bilandic, Simpson's proposed legislation were usually defeated.[15] In some instances, the ideas he proposed in legislation were taken by alderman who were aligned with the majority supporting Daley, who then proposed the same ideas in pieces of legislation without Simpson's name attached.[15] One of the few pieces of legislation Simpson managed to pass as an alderman was an ordinance which would prevent banks and insurance companies that do business with the city from practicing redlining.[3][30][38] The resolution, which Simpson had feared would have little chance of passing, was passed on June 26, 1974, in a unanimous 44–0 vote after it was amended by Daley-aligned alderman Paul Wigoda.[38] Another piece of legislation that Simpson saw passed was a November 1977 resolution calling for an investigation into figures utilized the previous summer to justify an 11.7% fare increase to the city's taxis. This came after former city commissioner Jane Byrne alleged a city hall "conspiracy" to raise the rates of taxis. The resolution creating this investigation, proposed by Simpson and fellow independent aldermen Ross Lathrop and Martin J. Oberman, was passed unanimously by the council.[39] The investigation was later ended by a Chicago City Council vote of 40–3 in April 1978 to accept the investigative committee's majority report over the minority report written by Simpson, Lathrop, and Oberman as investigative committee members.[40] While few wholesale pieces of legislation authored by Simpson were passed, Simpson saw occasional success in making amendments to legislation.[30]
Early into his tenure, Simpson and his staff ran an investigation into the practices of the controversial Lincoln Towing Service, which had been a campaign issue during the 1971 aldermanic election. Folk Singer Steve Goodman visited Simpson's office to review documents from this investigation as reference material while writing "Lincoln Park Pirates", a song about the towing company's practices.[41] The council debated taking action against the towing company.[42]
In March 1977, Simpson and fellow aldermen Dennis H. Block, Ross Lathrop, Martin Oberman proposed a piece of legislation that would have established community zoning boards in each of the 50 wards of the city.[43]
Simpson established a "ward assembly" for the 44th Ward.[44][14] This was a form of direct democracy within the ward, which was dismantled after the Democratic machine later regained control of the 44th Ward seat.[14] It was one of Simpson's 1971 campaign promises that he would establish such an assembly if elected alderman.[22] Similarly, some other independent candidates that year had made similar campaign pledges.[3]
In 1978, Milton Rakove, a professor of political science at University of Illinois at Chicago, characterized Simpson's approach to being an alderman as, "an academic idealist at loose in the arena of politics, who cannot and will not make the compromises a true politician must make."[45] Decades after Simpson left the council, journalist and news editor Bruce Dold remarked,
It wasn’t that he and other independents could pull off legislative victories. It was that, fortunately, there was a small band of thoughtful people who thrived on standing up to power. They provided what little check there was on the authority of Richard J. Daley. Dick Simpson, Abner Mikva, Bill Singer, Marty Oberman, they were pretty fearless.[46]
Retirement from the City Council
Simpson opted against seeking reelection in 1979.[44][47] He endorsed independent candidate Bruce Young, the director of the Jane Addams Center at Hull House, to succeed him.[44][21] Young pledged, as a candidate, to support existing legislation and ordinances that Simpson had proposed on issues such as redlining, the creation of a code hearing bureau, starting an independent audit of the city's finances, and the establishment of a commission on governmental integrity.[21] Young's opponent was John McCaffrey, who had the backing of the city's Democratic Party.[21] Young won election but resigned soon after taking office, citing "personal reasons".[18][44]
Post-aldermanic career
Following his retirement from the Chicago City Council, Simpson has continued to remain involved in Chicago's political discourse. Bruce Dold has remarked that Simpson, "has remained a trusted [political] critic for decades." Among his activities, he has worked as a political consultant, written about politics, run for United States Congress, and taught politics as an educator.[46] In 2015, Ben Joravsky of the Chicago Reader observed that Simpson has remained a political outsider and continues to assail corruption in Chicago's politics.[35]
Professor and political scientist
Until retiring in 2022,[46] Simpson continued to teach as a professor at UIC.[6][16] From 2006 until 2012, Simpson was head of the political science department.[48] He was also a Great Cities Scholar and a Humanities Institute Fellow at UIC[6] and served as director of the university's Preparing Future Faculty Program. In his professorial career, he formerly served as and executive board member of the Illinois Political Science Association,[46] serving for some time as its president.[49] He also worked as co-editor of the Illinois Political Science Review.[49] Simpson participated in annual studies conducted by UIC to measure how independently alderman are voting from the mayor.[50] He was also involved in authoring studies by UIC that ranked cities and states in the United States by their level of corruption.[51] In 2022, Simpson retired as a professor and was named a professor emeritus.[52]
Simpson has also been a respected political analyst.[53] He was, for three years, a monthly op-ed columnist for the Chicago Journal, and was subsequently a monthly columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times.[6] Simpson has also been a filmmaker.[54]
Politics
In 1979, Simpson served as an advisor on the mayoral transition team of Jane Byrne.[6][30][15] He also served on the mayoral transition team of Harold Washington in 1983.[6] Simpson was involved in a number of political campaigns in the 1980s, such as the campaign of Ron Sable for Simpson's former 44th Ward aldermanic seat.[3] He also ran the organization I CARE (Independent Coalition Against Reagan Economics), which opposed the economic policies of President Ronald Reagan.[55] Simpson endorsed Timothy C. Evans in the 1989 Chicago mayoral special election,[17] and was involved in Woody Bowman's campaign for Illinois Comptroller in 1990.[3][56] He also worked on both the unsuccessful 1990 Democratic primary election campaign of Ray Smith for Cook County State's Attorney, and the successful general election campaign of Republican nominee Jack O'Malley in the same race.[3] After the 1990 elections, Simpson served on David Orr's transition team for Cook County Clerk as well as Jack O'Malley's transition team for Cook County State's Attorney in 1990.[6]
Simpson was twice an unsuccessful candidate for United States congress.[1] Simpson first ran against Dan Rostenkowski in the Democratic primary for the redrawn 5th congressional district in 1992.[7] Posing the greatest reelection challenge Rostenkowski had faced, Simpson won approximately 43% of the vote against Rostenkowski.[57][58][59] Rostenkowski, chairman of United States House Committee on Ways and Means, was considered among the nation's most powerful congressmen.[7] Simpson ran on a platform of congressional reform, including support for term limits.[3] His campaign platform also focused on women's rights, universal health care, economic recovery, and senior citizens issues.[6] Simpson also pledged to recreate a version of his 44th ward assembly in the congressional district.[3] During the campaign, he aggressively criticized Rostenkowski.[58] In February 1993, Simpson announced that he would file a formal complaint against Rostenkowski with the Federal Election Commission and the House Ethics Committee urging them to investigate $37,750 in spending by Rostenkowski's American Leaders Fund, alleging Rostenkowski had illegally used funds from this group to aid his reelection campaign.[60]
Simpson again challenged Rostenkowski for the Democratic nomination in 1994. At the time, Rostenkowski was under grand jury investigation, and was also being challenged for the nomination by John Cullerton.[61] Simpson and Cullerton were joined in challenging Rostenkowski by former alderman Michael Wojik and LaRouche movement member John McCarthy.[62] In 1994, Simpson criticized Rostenkowski as corrupt and criticized him for votes such as his vote in support of extending the Hyde Amendment.[61][63] Simpson placed third behind Rostenkowski and Cullerton.[59] Simpson ran on many of the same issues in 1994 that he had in 1992.[6]
After Langdon Neale retired from the Chicago Board of Election Commissioners, Simpson applied in December 2015 to fill the seat.[29][64] His candidacy for the position was endorsed by Danny K. Davis, Mike Quigley, Joe Moore, and David Orr.[17] He was one of seven finalists for the position.[17] Judge Timothy C. Evans, who was in charge of appointing Neale's replacement, ultimately chose to instead appoint Jonathan T. Swain.[65]
Simpson supported Chuy García's candidacy in the 2015 Chicago mayoral election.[46] Simpson was considered the earliest significant figure to support the campaign Lori Lightfoot in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election.[66] He formally did so on August 21, 2018.[67] He helped then-candidate Lightfoot in writing a proposal for council reform that included putting an end to the practice of aldermanic prerogative and banning outside employment of aldermen.[66] For a long while, Simpson was considered the most prominent individual to have endorsed Lightfoot, still being considered such as late as mid-January 2019[68] (just over one month a week before Lightfoot would place first the first round of the election).[69] Lightfoot would go on to be elected mayor.[66] After Lightfoot became mayor, Simpson worked to advise her on ethics reform.[28] Simpson voiced his support for Lightfoot's unsuccessful 2023 reelection campaign.[70]
In 2021, Simpson participated in an effort run by a coalition of civic groups which formed an independent citizens commission that would draw a city council ward redistricting map, producing an alternative proposal to the ward map that would be drawn-up by members of the Chicago City Council itself as part of the council's decennial redistricting. Simpson was a member of the selection commission that chose the citizens to participate in the effort.[71]
Local Politics and Mayoral Elections in 21st Century America: The Keys to City Hall
2014
Sean D. Foreman, Marcia L. Godwin, Melissa Marschall, Carlos E. Cuéllar, Joseph P. Caiazzo, Melissa Mourtistsen, Betty O'Shaughnessy, William J. Miller, Robert J. Mahu, Lyke Thompson, Fernando J. Guerra, Brianne Gilbert, Larry D. Terry II, Steven P. Erie, Vladimir Kogan, Nazita Lajevardi, Scott A. Mackenzie, P. Frances Gouzien, David C. Kimball
Simpson has published hundreds of journal articles, magazine articles, opinion pieces, book chapters, and book reviews.[2][47][97] Simpson was, for three years, a monthly op-ed columnist for the Chicago Journal, and was subsequently a monthly columnist for the Chicago Sun-Times.[6] He also formerly was co-editor of the Illinois Political Science Review.[49]
Co-authored by Thomas J. Gradel and Tom Kelly with Kenneth Chow, Alexandra Kathryn Curatolo, Emily Gillot, David Michelberger, Marrell Stewart, and Andris Zimelis
Co-authored by Thomas J. Gradel with Erica Adams, Alex Jakubowich, Mark Lund, Inna Rubin, Cori Smith, Salwa Shameem, Paris Tsangaris, and Melissa Mouritsen Zmuda
University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Political Science and the Illinois Integrity Initiative of the University of Illinois’ Institute for Government and Public Affairs
Co-authored by Douglas Cantor, Thomas J. Gradel, Melissa Mouritsen, James Nowlan, and Zmuda David Sterrett
Co-authored by Thomas J. Gradel, John Hagedorn, Bart Kmiecik, David Sterrett, Melissa Mouritsen Zmuda with Tricia Chebat, Justin Escamilla, Dalibor Jurisic, Magdalena Waluszko, and Ivana Savic
Co-authored by Thomas J. Gradel and Melissa Mouritsen with Sergio Bauza, Marissa Frank, Gabrielle Lassen, Jake Rouka, Sarlota Vitolyte and Jennifer Wade
Primary author was Melissa Mouritsen; co-authored with Simpson, Thomas J. Gradel, Leslie Price, Muhammad Abuarqoub, Abdi Ali, Mariano Ballines, Nick Beausoleil, Bilal Hannoun, Lum Haxhiu, Lina Househ, Julie Hughes, Jeffrey Knutson, Ryan Kuhlmann, Michael Kwasnik, Michael Magel, Daniel Nichols, William Parrilli, Carinne Risch, and Jaime Zavala
^Simpson, Dick; Beam, George (1 February 1984). Political Action: Key To Understanding Politics. Swallow Press. ISBN978-0804008358.
^Simpson, Dick (1 August 1988). The Politics of Compassion and Transformation And Transformation. Swallow Press. ISBN978-0804009034.
^Simpson, Dick (1993). Chicago's Future in a Time of Change (1993 ed.). Stipes Pub. Co. ISBN0875634419.
^Simpson, Dick (2001). Rogues, Rebels, And Rubber Stamps: The Politics of the Chicago City Council from 1863 to the present. Westview Press. ISBN978-0813397634.
^Simpson, Dick (13 December 2003). Inside Urban Politics: Voices from America's Cities and Suburbs (1st ed.). Pearson/Longman. ISBN978-0321095671.
^Simpson, Dick; Judd, Dennis R. (2011). The City, Revisited: Urban Theory from Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York (NED - Newition ed.). University of Minnesota Press. ISBN978-0-8166-6575-4. JSTOR10.5749/j.cttts735.
^Simpson, Dick (1 July 2012). Twenty-First Century Chicago. Cognella Academic Publishing. ISBN978-1609277673.
^Foreman, Sean D.; Godwin, Marcia L. (20 November 2014). Local Politics and Mayoral Elections in 21st Century America: The Keys to City Hall. Routledge. ISBN9781317578932.