Desmond Young (British Army officer)

Desmond Young

OBE, MC
Young in uniform as a brigadier
Born(1891-12-27)27 December 1891
Port Adelaide, South Australia
Died27 June 1966(1966-06-27) (aged 74)
Sark, Channel Islands
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service / branch
RankBrigadier
Commands10th Indian Infantry Brigade (1942)
Battles / warsFirst World War
Second World War
AwardsOfficer of the Order of the British Empire
Military Cross
Other workWriter (including Rommel: The Desert Fox)

Brigadier Desmond Young (27 December 1891 – 27 June 1966) was an Australian-born British Army officer, newspaper publisher and writer. He travelled widely during his youth, accompanying his father in his work as a maritime salvage expert. He attended the University of Oxford but was asked to leave after he failed to attend a single lecture. Young found work in Malaya as a rubber planter and operated a nightclub in London. Soon after the beginning of the First World War he joined the British Army, serving as an officer in the King's Royal Rifle Corps. He was wounded in action and won a Military Cross in June 1918. After the War Young worked as a newspaper reporter, editor and publisher in the South African Cape Times and the Indian Allahabad Pioneer.

Young joined the British Indian Army in 1941, during the Second World War. He was appointed to command the 10th Indian Infantry Brigade in the North African campaign. Young was captured during the 1942 Battle of Gazala and briefly met the German commander Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Imprisoned in Italy he escaped and ended the war as editor of a pro-Allied newspaper in Switzerland. Young published Rommel: The Desert Fox, a biography of the German general, in 1950 and it was adapted into the 1951 film The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel. The work has been criticised for its overly positive portrayal of Rommel's actions. In 1960 Young published Fountain of the Elephants, a biography of the French adventurer Benoît de Boigne. He also wrote two autobiographies.

Early life and First World War

Desmond Young was born in Port Adelaide, South Australia in 1891. His father, Frederick William Young was a marine salvage expert and in his youth Young accompanied him on trips around the world.[1] Young matriculated at the University of Oxford but attended no lectures and was asked to leave.[2] He afterwards travelled to Malaya to work as a rubber planter. At one point he ran the Quadrant nightclub in London but claimed the police forced him to leave the business.[2]

On 12 September 1914, shortly after the start of the First World War, Young joined the British Army in the temporary rank of second lieutenant.[3] On 1 October he was promoted to lieutenant in the 9th battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps and on 13 February 1915 to captain.[4][5] Young was wounded while serving in the trenches of the Western Front and, while recovering, missed serving in the Third Battle of Ypres.[2][6] He passed his time in convalescence writing war poetry.[2] Having returned to the front, on 26 July 1918, at which point he was on the general list of officers, he was awarded the Military Cross, the citation for which reads:

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Under heavy fire during an enemy attack he assisted in collecting disorganised troops, and organised them into trenches round brigade headquarters. Through his example and coolness the attack was checked. Later on he took out ammunition under heavy machine-gun fire, and set a fine example.[7]

After the war Young travelled to South Africa where he found work as a reporter at the Cape Times. He was later appointed its editor and then its publisher. Young then travelled to India to manage the Allahabad Pioneer.[2]

Second World War

During the Second World War Young received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant in the British Indian Army on 12 April 1941.[8] He rose quickly in rank and held command of the 10th Indian Infantry Brigade during Operation Aberdeen, a 5 June 1942 attack ordered by Lieutenant-General Neil Ritchie during the Battle of Gazala.[9] The 10th captured all of their objectives at a thinly-held portion of the German line at Aslagh Ridge but subsequent British attacks on the main defensive line failed. A counter-attack by the German 21st Panzer Division penetrated the British defences in an area of ground known as The Cauldron and disordered part of Young's brigade.[9] A separate attack by the 15th Panzer Division struck a gap in the British minefields south-west of Bir el Harmat and destroyed the headquarters of Young's brigade and that of the 9th Indian Infantry Brigade. The 15th Panzer then trapped the remnants of Young's brigade, alongside other units in The Cauldron, and caused them to surrender.[10] Young was one of 3,100 men captured on 6 June.[11]

After his capture a German officer tried to compel Young to order the surrender of a British artillery position. He refused and the incident was interrupted by the arrival of the German commander Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Rommel ordered the German officer to cease his actions, advising that Young was not required to issue such an order.[12] Young was transferred to a prisoner-of-war camp in Italy, where he led the camp's escape committee. He escaped successfully to Switzerland where, by the war's end, he was editor of a pro-Allied newspaper.[2]

Later life

After the war, Young was appointed director of public relations at the Army's general headquarters in India. He was appointed an officer of the Order of the British Empire on 12 June 1947 for his work in this role.[13] Despite only meeting Rommel once Young was inspired to write a biography of the man.[14] Rommel: The Desert Fox was published in London in 1950; it received some criticism for Young's positive description of the man, with Young's Daily News obituary stating Young had portrayed Rommel a "blue-eyed god who could do no wrong".[15][16] Young's book was adapted by Nunnally Johnson into the 1951 film The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel, with James Mason in the title role.[16]

Young also wrote Fountain of the Elephants, a 1959 biography of the French adventurer in India Benoît de Boigne.[17] He produced two memoirs, Try Anything Twice and the 1961 work All the Best Years.[1][18] Young moved to Sark, an island in the English Channel governed by a feudal system, around 1962. He was married with two children and died at his home on Sark on 27 June 1966 aged 74.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Desmond Young, page 37". The Gazette (Montreal). Newspapers.com. 28 June 1966. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "DESMOND YOUNG, ADVENTURER, DIES; Biographer of Rommel, 74, Told of Own Exploits, Too". The New York Times. 28 June 1966. ProQuest 117205351.
  3. ^ "No. 28902". The London Gazette. 15 September 1914. p. 7301.
  4. ^ "No. 29065". The London Gazette (Supplement). 9 February 1915. p. 1420.
  5. ^ "No. 29112". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 March 1915. p. 2960.
  6. ^ Liddle, Peter H. (2017). Passchendaele in Perspective: The Third Battle of Ypres. Pen and Sword. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-4738-1708-1.
  7. ^ "No. 30813". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 July 1918. p. 8860.
  8. ^ "No. 35203". The London Gazette. 27 June 1941. p. 3698.
  9. ^ a b Stewart, Adrian (2010). Early Battles of the Eighth Army: Crusader to the Alamein Line 1941-42. Stackpole Books. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-8117-3536-0.
  10. ^ Stewart, Adrian (2010). Early Battles of the Eighth Army: Crusader to the Alamein Line 1941-42. Stackpole Books. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-8117-3536-0.
  11. ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007). Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps. Stackpole Books. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-8117-3413-4.
  12. ^ Khanna, K. K. (2015). Art of Generalship. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 18. ISBN 978-93-82652-93-9.
  13. ^ "No. 37977". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 June 1947. p. 2581.
  14. ^ Stewart, Adrian (2010). Early Battles of the Eighth Army: Crusader to the Alamein Line 1941-42. Stackpole Books. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8117-3536-0.
  15. ^ "Desmond Young Dies; Author of 'Rommel', page 476". Daily News (New York). Newspapers.com. 28 June 1966. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  16. ^ a b Niemi, Robert (2006). History in the Media: Film and Television. ABC-CLIO. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-57607-952-2.
  17. ^ Leasor, James (31 January 1960). "Covered With Glory; FOUNTAIN Of THE ELEPHANTS. By Desmond Young. Illustrated. 319 pp. New York: Harper & Bros. $5". The New York Times. ProQuest 115210126.
  18. ^ Middleton, Drew (5 November 1961). "Everywhere With Gusto; ALL THE BEST YEARS. By Desmond Young. Illustrated. 342 pp. New York: Harper & Bros. $5.95". The New York Times. ProQuest 115298693.