Dental software

Computers and software have been used in dental medicine since the 1960s.[1] Since then, computers and information technology have spread progressively in dental practice. According to one study, in 2000, 85.1% of all dentists in the United States were using computers.[2]

Classification

Schleyer[3] and Kirshner[4] categorized dental software as administrative, clinical, and for the Internet. Zimmerman et al.[5] categorized dental software functions for administration and management of patients documentation, electronic archives of the documentation, telecommunication, computer - aided education, computerizing instruments and techniques in the dental office software assisting with clinical decision making.

Patient Records Management Dental Software

Patient records management dental software is used by the dentist to organize the records of the patients in their practice. The computer patients management software is used for collecting, managing, saving, and retrieving medical information for the patients, and for creating reports for the patients. Computers in dentistry were first used to record dental archives[1] as an alternative of paper dental documentation. Later, the term "computer based dental documentation" was replaced with the term electronic patient record (EPR) since the latter better describes the method and the environment in which the patient record is being managed.[6] An official 1991 report of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies in Washington, USA gave definitions about what functions must implement a computer based system for health documentation.

The American Dental Association (ADA) created specification number 1000 and number 1004[7] concerning the structure and the content of the electronic health record. The medical data include identification and contact data, date of next visit, number of previous visits, anamnestic, clinical and paraclinical data, applied treatment, and treatment results data. Patient Records Management Dental Software is the most frequently used dental software.

Web-based dental patients records management software has been proposed. The web-based records save the information for the patients in a central web server instead in the computer in the dental office.[8]

After the introduction of the cloud system, patient records management is further simplified with the collection of patient data remotely prior to the patient visit to the dental practice and the integration of data using API's with the practice management system, this has eliminated the need of manual data entry and reduced billing errors. Commercially these type of systems are also known as paperless software systems.

Dental Treatment Planning Software

The usage of computer technologies for taking clinical decisions for the treatment of dental patients started at the end of the 1970s. The expert systems designed to enhance the treatment process, by providing the dental practitioner with a treatment plan are known as dental expert systems software. Today for more appropriate definition is supposed to be decision support systems, or DSS, and knowledge based systems (KBS). Such software products are designed for therapeutic dentistry,[9] or prosthodontics.[10][11]

Dental Internet and Ethernet Communication Software

Telecommunication technologies found application in the medicine in the 1950s, which led to the defining of a new term: telemedicine. In 1997, Cook first used the term "teledentistry"[12] and defines it as the practice to be used videoconference technologies for diagnosis placement or consultations for the treatment from destination. Different variations of medical and dental data interchange using internet are developed.[13] It is expected this type of software will revolutionize the way for interchanging information between medical and dental practitioners. Today teledentistry includes activities such as information interchange by phone lines, fax machines, and transfer of computer based documents via the internet. There are also special software products, designed for communication and information interchange between dentists, and software products designed to access dental information by the use of internet.

Computer-Aided Dental Education

Computer-assisted education is an element from the remote education.[14] The term "electronic learning" or "e-learning" defines the usage of internet and multimedia in the educational course. Schleyer[15] describes the learning with the help of computer software as a means for overcoming the faults of the traditional forms of education. In 1997 Cook wrote about the usage of videoconference technologies by the means of their usage for dental education.[12] Today software for computer aided dental education are made for various dental specialities: orthodontics, dental imaging, endodontics, cariesology, oral pathology, pediatric dentistry, parodontology and prosthodontics.[14][15]

Software for Usage of Dental Instruments

Instruments, used in dentistry, and needing software to operate are a large number of models of digital roentgenography hardware, intraoral cameras, various diagnostic hardware products such as for early caries detection, periodontal probes, CAD/CAM systems.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b Delrose, D.C. et R.W. Steinberg. The clinical significance of the dental patient record. -J.Am.Dent.Assoc., 131, 2000, Suppl., 57-60.
  2. ^ Atkinson, J. et al. Electronic patient records for dental schoolclinics: more than paperless systems. - Journal of Dental Education, 66, 2002, Vol. 5, 634 - 642.
  3. ^ Schleyer, T., H. Spallek et M. H. Torres-Urquidy. A profile of current Internet users in dentistry.
  4. ^ 4.Kirshner, M. The role of information technology and informatics research in the dentist-patient relationship. - Adv. Dent. Res., 17, 2003, Vol. 12, 77 - 81.
  5. ^ Zimmerman, J. L., M. J. Ball et S. P. Petrovski. Computers in dentistry. Dent. Clin. North Am., 30, 1986, Vol. 10, 739 - 743.
  6. ^ Heid, D. W., J. Chasteen et A. W. Forrey. The electronic oral health record. - J. Contemp. Dent. Pract., 3, 2002, Vol 1, 43 - 54.
  7. ^ ADA Specification 1004: Computer Software Performance for Dental Practice Software. New York: American National Standards Institute, 2001: http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/standarts/informatics_reports.asp[permanent dead link‍]
  8. ^ Schleyer, T. et V. Rado-Dasari. Computer based oral health records on the World Wide Web. - Quintessence Int., 30, 1999, Vol.7, 451 - 460.
  9. ^ Duncan R. C. et al. Using computer to diagnose and plan treatment of approximal caries. Detected in radiographs. - J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 126, 1995, Vol.7, 873 - 882.
  10. ^ Beaumont, A. J. Jr. Microcomputer aided removable parture denture design. - J. Prosthet. Dent., 62, 1989, Vol.5, 551 - 556.
  11. ^ Davenport, J. C., P. Hammond et F. J. Fitzpatrick. Computerized design of removable partial dentures: a knowledge based system for the future. - Dent. Update, 20, 1993, Vol.5, 221 - 226.
  12. ^ a b Chen, J. et al. Teledentistry and its use in dental education. - J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 134, 2003, Vol. 3, 342 - 346.
  13. ^ Schleyer, T. Digital dentistry in the computer age. - J. Am. Dent, Assoc., 130, 1999, Vol.12, 1713-1720.
  14. ^ a b Eaton, K. A., et M. Hammick. Distance learning materials for dentists - a users guide to quality. - Br.Dent.J., 194, 2003, Vol.5, 253 - 256.
  15. ^ a b Schleyer, T. et L. A. Johnson. Evaluation of educational software - Journal of Dental Education, 67, 2003, Vol.11, 1221 - 1228.
  16. ^ Hurston - Anderson, L. Integrated office technology: how technology can help improve office efficiency. - J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 135, 2004, Vol.10, 18 - 22.