D. I. Pandjaitan

Major General (Posthumous)

Donald Izacus Pandjaitan
Born(1925-06-09)9 June 1925
Balige, Tapanoeli Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died1 October 1965(1965-10-01) (aged 40)
Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta, Indonesia
Buried
Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery
6°15′26″S 106°50′46″E / 6.25722°S 106.84611°E / -6.25722; 106.84611
AllegianceIndonesia (1945–1965)
Years of service1945–1965
Rank
Commands
Battles / warsIndonesian National Revolution
AwardsNational Hero of Indonesia
Pandjaitan on a 1966 stamp

Major General Donald Izacus Pandjaitan[note 1] (9 June 1925 – 1 October 1965) was an Indonesian General who was killed during a kidnap attempt by the members of the 30 September Movement. Of the six Army Generals killed in the coup attempt, he was the only Christian.

Early life

D.I. Pandjaitan was born in Sitorang, Balige in the Tapanuli region of North Sumatra. After completing elementary and high school, with the arrival of the invading Japanese, he underwent Japanese Giyūgun military education. He was then posted to Pekanbaru, and was there when Indonesian independence was declared on 17 August 1945.[2][3][4]

Military career

In November 1945, Pandjaitan, together with other young people, helped establish a local branch of the People’s Security Army (TKR), initially serving as a battalion commander. In March 1948, he was appointed commander of the commander for organization and education of the XI/Banteng Division at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Not long after, he became the fourth deputy commander (supplies) for the Sumatran Army Command, then when the Dutch launched their Second Police Action against the republic, he was put in charge of supplies for the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia.[4]

After the Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in 1949, Pandjaitan was posted to the headquarters of the Sumatran Division in Medan, and on 2 January 1950 became head of the operational staff of the I/Bukit Barisan Division. He was then transferred to Palembang, South Sumatra, and appointed deputy commander of the II/Sriwijaya Division. From October 1952 to July 1957, he served as the military attaché to the Indonesian embassy in Bonn, West Germany. Upon his return to Indonesia, he joined the Army General Staff. He attended a course at the US Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth from December 1963 to June 1964. He then took up his final post as fourth assistant to the Army Chief of Staff for logistics and ordnance.[2][4]

Death

In the early hours of 1 October 1965, several members of the 30 September Movement left Lubang Buaya on the eastern outskirts of Jakarta to seize key military figures and take them hostage. Pandjaitan was among their targets, so they broke the fence near his house along Jalan Hasanuddin, Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta. They shot and killed one of the household staff sleeping on the ground floor of Pandjaitan’s two-storey house, before calling on Pandjaitan himself to come down. Two of the men involved at the time were Albert Naiborhu and Viktor Naiborhu, who were seriously injured during the attempted kidnapping, with Albert dying shortly afterward. Pandjaitan, then in full army dress, came from the second floor and allowed himself to be led away, stopping briefly to pray in his front yard. After some minutes of irritatedly waiting for Pandjaitan to finish prayers, his captors lost their patience and shot him dead from behind.[5][6]

His body was put in a truck and brought to the movement’s headquarters at Lubang Buaya. His body, along with those of his colleagues who had also been killed, were thrown down a nearby disused well. The bodies were found on 4 October, and all were given a state funeral the following day. Pandjaitan, along with the other victims, are buried at the Kalibata Heroes’ Cemetery in South Jakarta. Pandjaitan was posthumously promoted to major general and awarded the title Hero of the Revolution.

Notes

  1. ^ Under Indonesian law, a full name is a single personal name with no legal distinction for any family names or inherited names (see Indonesian name).[1] He is formally referred to, in Indonesia, as "D. I. Pandjaitan," and so the article refers to the individual by the final element of his name.

Reference notes

  1. ^ "Indonesian Culture > Naming > Naming Conventions". Special Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 4 June 2024. While surnames or 'inherited names' are not legally recognised[...]
  2. ^ a b Sudarmanto (1996)
  3. ^ Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999)
  4. ^ a b c Bachtiar (1988)
  5. ^ Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1994)
  6. ^ Anderson & McVey (1971)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Donald Izacus Pandjaitan.
  • Anderson, Benedict R O'G & McVey, Ruth (1971), A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia, Modern Indonesian project Southeast Asian Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
  • Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988), Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army), Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, ISBN 979-428-100-X
  • Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes), Jakarta
  • Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975) 30 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka: Jilid 3 (1965–1973) (30 Years of Indonesian Independence: Volume 3 (1965–1973)
  • Secretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1994) Gerakan 30 September Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia: Latar Belakang, Aksi dan Penumpasannya (The 30 September Movement/Communist Party of Indonesia: Bankground, Actions and its Annihilation) ISBN 9798300025
  • Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta ISBN 979-553-111-5