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Corruption in Luxembourg
Levels of corruption in Luxembourg are generally said to be very low, and there a strong legal framework for combating corruption[1] in the country. Surveys however indicate that a majority of the population believe political parties are either "corrupt" or "extremely corrupt." Political corruption does surface. According to Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer 2013, 53% of the surveyed households considered political parties "corrupt" or "extremely corrupt", and 33% had the same opinion about Parliament. Moreover, a significant number of the surveyed households considered that the government's fight against corruption "ineffective" and that corruption had increased over the previous two years.[2] On Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, Luxembourg scored 78 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Luxembourg ranked 9th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[3] For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180).[4] For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Western European and European Union countries [Note 1] was 90, the average score was 65 and the lowest score was 42.[5] Regarding business and corruption, companies do not consider corruption an obstacle for doing business in Luxembourg, according to World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014.[6] However, several other sources indicate that the overlap between business and politics in Luxembourg gives opportunities for corruption, and there is no code of conduct focusing on corruption, conflict of interest and favouritism for procurement officials.[7][8] Notes
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