Correlative-based fallacies

In philosophy, correlative-based fallacies are informal fallacies based on correlative conjunctions.

Correlative conjunctions

A correlative conjunction is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship; traditionally, terms between which this relationship exists have been called contradictories.

Examples

In the following example, statement b explicitly negates statement a:

  1. Fido is a dog.
  2. Fido is not a dog.

Statements can also be mutually exclusive, without explicitly negating each other as in the following example:

  1. Object one is larger than object two.
  2. Object one is smaller or the same size as object two.

Fallacies

Fallacies based on correlatives include:[1]

False dilemma or false correlative.
Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other possibility.
Denying the correlative
where an attempt is made to introduce another option into a true correlative.
Suppressed correlative
where the definitions of a correlative are changed so that one of the options includes the other, making one option impossible.

See also

References

  1. ^ Jenicek, M. (2018). How to Think in Medicine: Reasoning, Decision Making, and Communication in Health Sciences and Professions. Taylor & Francis. p. 527. ISBN 978-1-351-68402-6. Retrieved 2 November 2024.

Correlational fallacy in psychology