Concerto for Two Violins (Bach)

Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043, performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Perry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein (violins)
1. Vivace
2. Largo ma non tanto
3. Allegro

The Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043, also known as the Double Violin Concerto, is a violin concerto of the Late Baroque era, which Johann Sebastian Bach composed around 1730. It is one of the composer's most successful works.[1][2]

History

Bach composed his Concerto for Two Violins in D minor, BWV 1043, around 1730, as part of a concert series he ran as the Director of the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig.[3][4][5][6] The concerto was later arranged as a concerto for two pianos by Bach himself as BWV 1062.

Structure

\relative c' { \time 4/4 \clef treble \key d \minor \tempo "Vivace" d16 \f e f g a8 d cis a e g fis d c'4~ c8 b16 a b8 g e g bes d, cis a' d, g f4 e \startTrillSpan d16 \stopTrillSpan }
Incipit from the first movement of the concerto

The concerto is characterized by a subtle yet expressive relationship between the violins throughout the work. In addition to the two soloists, the concerto is scored for strings (first violin, second violin and viola parts) and basso continuo.[3] The musical structure of this piece uses fugal imitation and much counterpoint.[7]

The concerto comprises three movements:

  1. Vivace in D minor, 4
    4
  2. Largo ma non tanto in F major, 12
    8
  3. Allegro in D minor, 3
    4

Performance time of the concerto ranges from less than 13 minutes to over 18 minutes.[8][9]

Reception

Herman Krebbers, Willem van Otterloo and Theo Olof [nl; fr] before the Concertgebouw Orchestra (1958): in 1952 they had recorded Bach's Double Concerto.[10]

Around 1736–1737 Bach arranged the concerto for two harpsichords, transposed into C minor, BWV 1062.[11]

1734–1738 Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach performed the concerto in Frankfurt an der Oder.[3] After his father's death in 1750, Carl Philipp Emanuel inherited some of the original performance parts, likely doubles, of the concerto (surviving: parts for soloists and continuo), and likely also the composer's autograph score (lost).[12][13] The extant original parts were later owned by Georg Poelchau [de], and were added to the Royal Library at Berlin (later converted to the Berlin State Library) in the 1840s.[13] After the Second World War they were lost for several decades, eventually resurfacing in Poland.[13][14]

Manuscript copies of (parts of) the concerto were produced around 1730–1740,[15] in 1760,[16] around 1760,[17] around 1760–1789,[18] and in the early 19th century.[19] The concerto was first published in 1852, by Edition Peters, edited by Siegfried Dehn.[20] In the first volume of his Bach biography (1873), Philipp Spitta describes the concerto as a product of the composer's Köthen period (1717–1723).[21][22] After describing Bach's other extant violin concertos, those in E major (BWV 1042) and A minor (BWV 1041), he adds:[23][24]

Jelly d'Arányi often played Bach's Double Concerto at the London Proms.[25]

The Bach Gesellschaft published the concerto in 1874, edited by Wilhelm Rust.[26] The Neue Bachgesellschaft reports around 25 known public performances of the concerto in the period from late 1904 to early 1907: most of these in Germany, but also performances in other European cities, including London, Madrid, Paris, Riga, St. Petersburg and Vienna, are mentioned.[27] Outside of Europe, there was for instance the performance by Eugène Ysaÿe and Fritz Kreisler in New York in 1905.[28] In London, Bach's Double became a repertoire piece, for instance regularly performed at the Proms.[25]

After commenting that the "A minor and E major concertos are beginning to win a place in our concert halls," Albert Schweitzer writes, in the 1911 English-language edition of his book on Bach:[29]

The concerto for two violins, in D minor, is perhaps more widely known still. It can be played at home, as its orchestral part can be easily transcribed for the piano. Every amateur should know the wonderful peace of the largo ma non tanto in F major.

— Albert Schweitzer[29]

Johannes Umbreit's piano reduction of the orchestral score was published by Henle.[30]

Research by Andreas Glöckner, published in 1982, dispelled prior assumptions that Bach would have composed the concerto in Köthen: Bach's extant autograph parts indicate that the concerto was composed in Leipzig, likely in 1730 or the earlier part of 1731.[6] The New Bach Edition published the concerto in 1986, edited by Dietrich Kilian.[31] According to Peter Wollny, writing in 1999, "The Concerto for two violins in D minor BWV 1043 is today one of the best-known and most frequently performed works of the composer, above all by virtue of its soulful, song-like middle movement."[5]

According to Michael Miller, writing for Penguin's Complete Idiot's Guides, the concerto is one of Bach's eleven most notable compositions.[1] In the Rough Guides, the Double Concerto is described as "one of Bach's very greatest works."[2] The BBC website describes the concerto as "one of Bach's best loved instrumental works."[32] According to the British Classic FM website, "the 'Bach Double' is one of the most famous of his works."[33] The uDiscover Music website lists it among ten essential pieces by the composer.[34]

Recordings

Recordings of the concerto include:

Recordings of BWV 1043
Rec. Soloist I Soloist II Orchestra Conductor Release
1915-01-04 Kreisler Zimbalist string quartet (cello: Bourdon) Rogers Naxos (2001)[28][35][36][37]
1924-04-10 Catterall Bridge, J. S. Hallé Orchestra Harty Columbia (1925)[38][39][40]
≤1926-02 Arányi Fachiri [unidentified] Chapple, S. Vocalion (1926)[41]
1928 Rosé, Ar. Rosé, Al. Rosé Quartet Biddulph (1928)[28][42][43]
1928-07-01 Rosengren, A. Witek [it] Bayreuth orchestra members Schmidt [scores] Columbia (1929)[44][45][46]
1932-06-04 Menuhin Enescu Paris Symphony Orchestra Monteux Vocalion (2010)[47][48][49]
1935-06-24 Zimmermann [nl] Hallmann, F. Concertgebouw Orchestra Mengelberg History XXCM (2001)[50][51]
1937-08-30 Szigeti Flesch [unidentified] Goehr Naxos (2009)[52][53]
1939 Diener [de] Hampe, C. Collegium musicum Diener Electrola (≥1939)[54][55]
c. 1945 Bruun [d] Koppel [da] Danish Chamber Orchestra Wöldike, M. HMV (c. 1945)[56][57]
1945-04–05 Busch Magnes [d] Busch Chamber Players CBS (1975)[58]
1945-11 Menuhin Oistrakh, D. USSR State Symphony Orchestra Orlov Warner (2016)[47][59]
1946 Menuhin Oistrakh, D. Moscow Chamber Orchestra Barshai Doremi (2000)[60]
1946-03-27 Grumiaux Pougnet Philharmonia String Orchestra Susskind Columbia (1946)[61][62]
1946-10 Heifetz RCA Victor Chamber Orchestra Waxman Naxos (2008)[63][64]
1950-06 Stern Schneider Prades Festival Orchestra Casals Cascavelle (2003)[65][66]
1952-01-06 Krebbers Olof [fr] Concertgebouw Orchestra Van Otterloo Philips (1998)[10]
1953-09-15 Menuhin de Vito Philharmonia Orchestra Bernard HMV (1954)[47][67]
1955 Grehling [de] Hendel, G. F. [de] Saar Chamber Orchestra [de] Ristenpart Forgotten Records (2008)[68]
1955 Gilels Kogan, L. Philharmonia Orchestra Ackermann Columbia (1956)[69][70]
1955-04 Erlih Merckel [it] Pro Arte München Redel Forgotten Records (2009)[71]
1956 Barchet [de] Beh, W. Pro Musica Stuttgart Davisson Vox (1956)[9][72]
1956-12-12 Schneiderhan Baumgartner Lucerne Festival Strings Baumgartner DG (2005)[73]
≤1957 Cron, M. Hoffer, P. Orchestre Isaïe Disenhaus Disenhaus, I. GEM (1957)[74][75]
1957-04-17 Oistrakh, D. Oistrakh, I. Gewandhaus Orchestra Konwitschny Berlin Classics (2016)[76]
≤1958 Michelucci Ayo I Musici Philips (1958)[77]
1958 Menuhin Oistrakh, D. RTF Chamber Orchestra Capdevielle Medici.tv (video: 2001)[78]
1958-09-18 Oistrakh, D. Menuhin Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra Georgescu Music & Arts (2000)[47][79][80]
1959 Kogan, L. Gilels Moscow Chamber Orchestra Barshai ICA (2015)[81][82][83]
1959-07-08 Menuhin Ferras Bath Festival Orchestra Menuhin EMI (2009)[47][84]
≤1960 Lautenbacher Vorholz, D. Mainzer Kammerorchester Kehr Vox (1960)[85][86]
1960 Oistrakh, D. Oistrakh, I. Moscow Chamber Orchestra Barshai Le Chant du Monde (1988)[87]
1960-06 Carmirelli Peinemann Munich Philharmonic Rieger Past Daily (2015)[88][89]
≤1961 Frasca-Colombier Garnier, L. Kuentz Chamber Orchestra Kuentz Pierre Verany (1994)[90][91]
1961-02 Oistrakh, D. Oistrakh, I. Royal Philharmonic Goossens DG (1996)[92]
1961-02-18 Oistrakh, D. Oistrakh, I. English Chamber Orchestra Davis ICA Classics (video: 2011)[93]
1961-05 Heifetz Friedman London Symphony Orchestra Sargent Sony (2008)[94][95]
1963-01–02 Büchner [fr] Guntner [d] Münchener Bach-Orchester Richter Archiv (1990)[96][97]
1963-04-30 Peinemann Zanettovich Naples RAI chamber orch. [it] Abbado Fonit Cetra (1995)[98][99]
1964-03 Milstein Morini [unnamed chamber orchestra] Milstein Universal (2016)[100][101][102]
1965-05 Szeryng Rybar Musikkollegium Winterthur Szeryng Philips (2005)[103]
1965-09 Suk Jásek [cs] Prague Symphony Orchestra Smetáček Supraphon (1989)[104][105]
≤1966 Krebbers Olof [fr] Amsterdams Kamerorkest Rieu sr. [nl] Sony (1994)[106][107]
1966 Ferras Schwalbé Berlin Philharmonic Karajan DG (2007)[108]
1967 Varga, T. Varga, G. Varga Festival Chamber Orch. Varga, T. Claves (1993)[109]
1967-01 Harnoncourt, A. Pfeiffer, W. Concentus Musicus Wien Harnoncourt, N. Telefunken (1967)[110]
1968 Oistrakh, D. Oistrakh, I. Moscow Chamber Orchestra Barshai Melodia (2014)[111]
1970-09 Grumiaux Toyoda New Philharmonia Orchestra De Waart Philips (1971)[61][112]
≤1971 Milanova, S. Badev, G. Sofia Chamber Orchestra Kazandjiev Harmonia Mundi (1971)[113]
1971 Kogan, L. Kogan, P. Moscow Radio Symph. Orch. Melodia (2014)[114]
1971-01 Melkus Rantos, S. Capella Academica Wien Melkus DG (1971)[115]
1971-07 Perlman Zukerman English Chamber Orchestra Barenboim EMI (2002)[116][117]
1971-07 Francescatti Pasquier Lucerne Festival Strings Baumgartner DG (2006)[118][119]
1972-02-26 Szeryng García [es] English Chamber Orchestra Szeryng Inta'glio (1992)[120]
≤1974 Kalafusz, H. Rösch, W. Stuttgarter Kammerorchester MHS (1974)[121]
1974 Krachmalnick, J. Menuhin National ASTA String Orchestra Krachmalnick, S. Custom Fidelity (1974)[47]
1975-5 Magyar, T. Goldberg Netherlands Chamber Orchestra Goldberg Philips (1999)[122][123]
1975-09-20 Kamu Segerstam Nationalmuseum orchestra Génetay [sv] BIS (1995)[124]
1976-05-18 Menuhin Stern New York Philharmonic Bernstein Sony (1991)[47][125]
1976-06 Szeryng Hasson St Martin in the Fields Marriner Philips (1982)[126]
1977–78 Suske Kröhner, G. Gewandhaus Orchestra Masur Deutsche Schallplatten (1980)[127]
1978-11 Grumiaux Krebbers Les Solistes Romands Gérecz [fr] Philips (1980)[61][128]
≤1979 Kovács Bálint, M. Budapest Philharmonic Erdélyi Hungaroton (1979)[129]
1979-03 Altenburger Mayer-Schierning, E. Deutsche Bachsolisten Winschermann RCA (1980)[130]
1979-03-03 Menuhin Ricci Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra Gamba MMG (1980)[47][131][132][133]
1980-09-24 Perlman Stern New York Philharmonic Mehta Sony (2004)[134][135]
1981 Kuijken Van Dael La Petite Bande Kuijken Deutsche Harm. Mundi (1996)[136]
1981 Schröder Hirons, C. Academy of Ancient Music Hogwood L'Oiseau-Lyre (1989)[137]
1981-11-12 Menuhin Li London Symphony Orchestra Menuhin HMV (1982)[47][138][139]
≤1982 Stern Zukerman St. Paul Chamber Orchestra Zukerman CBS (1987)[140][141]
1982 Suk Kosina, M. Suk Chamber Orchestra Vlach [cs] Supraphon (1991)[142]
1982-11-17 Mutter Accardo English Chamber Orchestra Accardo EMI (1983)[143][144][145]
1982-12 Stern Mintz Israel Philharmonic Orchestra Mehta Helicon (2014)[146]
≤1983 Kremer St Martin in the Fields Kremer Philips (2003)[147][148]
1983-3 Standage Wilcock , E. The English Concert Pinnock Archiv (2001)[149]
≤1984 Divry, T. Velin, J.-C. Ad artem de Lorraine Redel Forlane (1992)[150][151]
1984-01 Shumsky Tunnell, J. Scottish Chamber Orchestra Nimbus (2001)[152]
1984-04-27 Menuhin Chen, L. Polish Chamber Orchestra Menuhin Polskie Nagrania (1988)[47][153]
1984-12-20 Tretiakov Kagan Moscow Virtuosi Tretiakov Yedang (2001)[154]
≤1985 Laredo Tunnell, J. Scottish Chamber Orchestra Laredo Contour (1985)[155]
1985 Huggett Bury, A. Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra Koopman Erato (1988)[156]
1985-07 Accardo Batjer, M. Chamber Orchestra of Europe Accardo Philips (1986)[157]
1985-12 Menuhin Lysy Camerata Lysy Gstaad [d] Lysy EMI (1987)[47][158][159]
≤1986 Kostyál, K. Rolla [es] Franz Liszt Chamber Orchestra Rolla Hungaroton (1986)[160]
1986-03 Zukerman Midori St. Paul Chamber Orchestra Zukerman Philips (1986)[161]
1986-06 Ritchie Quan, L. Helicon Fuller Reference [nl] (1993)[162]
≤1986-07 Spivakov Futer, A. Moscow Virtuosi Spivakov Castle (1986)[163]
≤1987 Sitkovetsky, D. García [es] English Chamber Orchestra Sitkovetsky, D. Novalis (1987)[164][165]
1987-12-02 Eto Gulli [it] English Chamber Orchestra Menuhin Start Records (1988)[47][166]
≤1988 Brezina, J. Elias, F. Camerata Romana Duvier, E. Pilz Media Group (1988)[167]
1988-07 Spivakov Futer, A. Moscow Virtuosi Spivakov RCA Victor (1990)[168]
1988-11 Bride, P. Crenne, C. Ensemble Instrumental de Fr. Pierre Verany (1994)[169]
1989-05 Mackintosh Wallfisch The King's Consort King Hyperion (1990)[170][171]
1989-05–06 Nishizaki Jablokov, A. Cappella Istropolitana Dohnányi Naxos (1990)[172]
1989-07 Agostini Perez, A. I Musici Philips (1990)[173][174]
1990 Rees Murdoch, J. Scottish Ensemble Rees Virgin (1991)[175]
1990-04-15 Korsakova [de] Korsakov [de] Concertino of Moscow Phil. Russian Disc (1993)[176]
1990-09 Zukerman García [es] English Chamber Orchestra Zukerman RCA Victor (2007)[177]
1991 Spivakov Futer, A. Moscow Virtuosi Spivakov Cascade (Video: 2003)[178]
1992-09-01 Menuhin Lysy Camerata Lysy Gstaad [d] Menuhin Dinemec (1997)[47][179][180]
≤1993 Zweden Verhey Pardubice Chamber Orchestra Vermeulen, J. Dino (1993)[181][182]
1993 Weiss, L. Sand, M. Arcangeli Baroque Strings Sand, M. Music & Arts (1995)[183]
1994 Letzbor [fr] Sepec, D. Ars Antiqua Austria Letzbor Symphonia (2010)[184]
1994-09 Colliard, G. Lethiec, S. Brixi Chamber Orchestra Meister, C. Doron Music (1995)
1995-02 Lamon Melsted, L. Tafelmusik Lamon Sony (1995)[185]
1995-02 Hudeček Sitkovetsky, D. Virtuosi di Praga Sitkovetsky, D. Supraphon (1996)[186]
1995-05 Standage Comberti Collegium Musicum 90 Standage Chandos (1996)[187]
1996 Manze Podger Academy of Ancient Music Manze Harmonia Mundi (1997)[188]
1996 Schmid [de] Rosenkranz, H. Cis Coll. Mozarteum Salzburg Geise, J. Arte Nova (2000)[189]
1996-12-26 Stern Shaham Israel Philharmonic Orchestra BMG (video: 1997)[190][191][192]
1997-06 Röhrig, A. Bundies, U. Musica Alta Ripa MD&G (1998)[193]
1998-12 Pichlmeier, C. Stewart, L. Kölner Kammerorchester Müller-Brühl Naxos (1999)[194][195]
≤1999 Lysy Reuter Camerata Lysy Gstaad [d] Menuhin Arcobaleno (2000)[196]
1999 Poppen Faust Bach-Collegium Stuttgart Rilling Hänssler (1999)[197]
1999 Terakado Wakamatsu, N. Bach Collegium Japan Suzuki BIS (2000)[198]
≤2000 Polack, D. Drzyzgula, K. Lodz Chamber Orchestra Szostak [pl] Brilliant Classics (2000)[199]
2000-09 St. John, L. St. John, S. New York Bach Ensemble Avie (2002)[200]
2000-01 Kennedy Stabrawa Berlin Philharmonic EMI (2001)[201]
2000-10 Hahn Batjer, M. Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra Kahane DG (2003)[202]
2001 Hudson, B. Kussmaul, W. Stuttgarter Kammerorchester Hudson, B. Tacet [de] (2006)[203]
2001 Kuusisto, J. Kuusisto, P. Tapiola Sinfonietta Ondine (2010)[204]
2003 Ingólfsdóttir, U. Ingólfsdóttir, R. Reykjavík Chamber Orchestra Smekkleysa (2013)[205]
2003-06 Valetti [de] Beyer [de] Café Zimmermann Valetti Alpha (2014)[206]
2005 Suwanai Steude, V. Chamber Orchestra of Europe Suwanai Philips (2006)[207]
2005 Tognetti Rathbone Australian Chamber Orchestra Tognetti ABC Classics (2009)[208]
2005-01-24 Beznosiuk [fr] Podger Academy of Ancient Music Beznosiuk Wigmore Hall (2006)[209]
2005-02-26 Großbauer Buchler, W. Vienna Symphony ensemble Birnbaum, C. Solo Musica (2013)[210]
2005-10–11 Hope Blankestijn [nl] Chamber Orchestra of Europe Bezuidenhout Warner (2006)[211][212]
2005-12 Szilvay, R. Simonen [d] Helsinki Strings Szilvay, G. Warner (2010)[213][214]
2006-01-19 Rowland [nl] Koch, M. London Conchord Ensemble Champ Hill (2010)[215]
2006-06-25 Bezzina Corolla, L. Ensemble baroque de Nice [fr] Bezzina Ligia Digital (2010)[216]
2008-06 Fischer Sitkovetsky, A. St Martin in the Fields Fischer Decca (2009)[217][218]
≤2009 Sato Fukuhara, M. Orchestra of St. Luke's MusicMasters (2009)[219]
2009-01 Kristinsdóttir Immer, L. Solistenensemble Kaleidoskop ARS (2011)[220]
2009-10-17 Oliveira Gruesser Arco Ensemble Oliveira Artek (2010)[7][221]
≤2010 Morton, J. Gould Scottish Ensemble Morton, J. BBC (2010)[222]
2010-11-26 Solozobova [de] Zimansky Camerata Musica Barocca Solozobova Bella Musica (2011)[223]
2011 Meyers English Chamber Orchestra Mercurio eOne (2012)[224][225]
2011-03–04 Spissky, P. Eike [no] Concerto Copenhagen Mortensen cpo (2015)[226]
2011-10 Zimmermann Gilbert New York Philharmonic Gilbert NYPO (2012)[227][228]
2012 Tölke, B. Kanzian, M. Ensemble Wien Klang Schulz, C. Preiser (2014)[229]
2012-04 von der Goltz Müllejans Freiburger Barockorchester Harmonia Mundi (2013)[230][231]
2012-05 Eschkenazy Top [nl] Concertgebouw Chamber Orch. Pentatone (2012)[232]
2012-10 Podger Čičić, B. Brecon Baroque Podger Channel Classics (2013)[233][234]
2013-06-14 Debretzeni [d] Homburger [de] English Baroque Soloists Gardiner BBC (2013)[32]
2013-03 Koh Laredo Curtis 20/21 Ensemble Parameswaran, V. Cedille (2014)[235][236]
2013-07 Hirasaki [d] Carmignola Concerto Köln Archiv (2014)[237]
2014-07 Nemtanu, S. Nemtanu, D. [fr] Paris Chamber Orchestra Goetzel [de] Naïve (2015)[238]
2014-11 Bernardini [nl] Daniel, H. Dunedin Consort Butt Linn (2016)[239]
2015-02 Westers, J. Webb, A. Camerata RCO Gutman Records (2017)[240][241]
2015-08 Mutter Wildschut Mutter's Virtuosi Esfahani DG (2015)[242][243]
2016-03–06 Radulović Milošević [sr] Double Sens DG (2016)[244]
2016-06 Korsakova [de] Padovani [it] North Czech Philharmonic Olivieri-Munroe [d] ARS (2019)[245]
2016-10-07 Sato Deans, E. Netherlands Bach Society Sato Bachvereniging (video: 2017)[246]
2017–2018 Faust Forck, B. Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin Forck, B. Harmonia Mundi (2019)[247][248]
2018-02 Sato Valova, Z. Il Pomo d'Oro Erato (2018)[249][250]
≤2019 Kalló [hu] Paulik, L. Capella Savaria Kalló Hungaroton (2019)[251][252][253]

Use in Choreography

Neoclassical choreographer George Balanchine created the ballet Concerto Barocco to the Concerto in D minor for two violins, with two principal female dancers each following one of the instrumental soloists and the corps following the orchestra. Modern dance choreographer Paul Taylor used the second and third movements of Bach's Concerto in D minor (as well as the entire Violin Concerto in E Major) as the music for Esplanade, a dance "based on pedestrian movement".[254]

References

  1. ^ a b Miller 2008.
  2. ^ a b Staines 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Concerto, d BWV 1043 at Bach Digital.
  4. ^ Wolff 2002.
  5. ^ a b Wollny 1999, p. 3.
  6. ^ a b Glöckner 1982, pp. 49–50, 69.
  7. ^ a b Bach: Violin Concerti / Oliveira Archived 2011-09-01 at the Wayback Machine at hbdirect website
  8. ^ BACH: Radulović at Deutsche Grammophon website.
  9. ^ a b Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1LP0137972) Archived 2022-01-25 at the Wayback Machine at British Library Sounds website.
  10. ^ a b Concert voor twee violen, BWV.1043 ; dutch masters ; vol.34 at Muziekweb website
  11. ^ Concerto, c BWV 1062 at Bach Digital.
  12. ^ Wollny 1996, p. 8.
  13. ^ a b c PL-Kj Mus.ms. Bach St 148, Fascicle 1 at Bach Digital.
  14. ^ Dürr & Neumann 1968, pp. 101–102.
  15. ^ PL-Kj Mus.ms. Bach St 148, Fascicle 2 at Bach Digital.
  16. ^ D-B Mus.ms. Bach St 147 at Bach Digital.
  17. ^ D-B Mus.ms. Bach P 254 at Bach Digital.
  18. ^ D-B Mus.ms. Bach St 630 at Bach Digital.
  19. ^ D-Bhm H 729 at Bach Digital.
  20. ^ Dehn 1852.
  21. ^ Spitta 1873.
  22. ^ Spitta 1899.
  23. ^ a b Spitta 1873, p. 735.
  24. ^ a b Spitta 1899, pp. 127–128.
  25. ^ a b Potter 2009, p. 3.
  26. ^ Rust 1874.
  27. ^ Übersicht at Bach-Jahrbuch 1906, p. 129.
  28. ^ a b c Kennaway 2009, pp. 237–238.
  29. ^ a b Schweitzer 1935.
  30. ^ Johann Sebastian Bach: Concerto for two Violins d minor BWV 1043 at G. Henle Verlag website. ISMN 979-0-2018-0672-3. HN 672.
  31. ^ Kilian 1986.
  32. ^ a b Radio 3 Live in Concert: Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists - Bach at BBC website.
  33. ^ Bach at Classic FM.
  34. ^ Best Bach at uDiscover 2019.
  35. ^ Classic Music: Instrumental at Record Collectors Corner 78 website, p. 14
  36. ^ Kreisler: the complete concerto recordings – Vol. 3 at Muziekweb website
  37. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0032552; 1CL0032554) at British Library Sounds website.
  38. ^ Arthur Catterall - The Manchester Years at Musicweb International website.
  39. ^ Col. Acoustic 'M' Sets 1-25 at Columbia Masterworks 78rpm Album Discography website.
  40. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0050817; 1CL0050820; 1CL0050821) at British Library Sounds website.
  41. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0011033; 1CL0011034) at British Library Sounds website.
  42. ^ Biddulph LAB 056-57
  43. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0031754; 1CL0031756; 1CL0031758) at British Library Sounds website.
  44. ^ Search Results for Alma Rosengren-Witek, Anton Witek, violins at CHARM website.
  45. ^ Phonograph Monthly Review, Vol. 3, No. 10 (July 1929), pp. 346–347
  46. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0044895; 1CL0044896) at British Library Sounds website.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Music at the Yehudi Menuhin website (menuhin.org).
  48. ^ Yehudi Menuhin – George Enescu at Muziekweb website
  49. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0034006; 1CL0034008) at British Library Sounds website.
  50. ^ Mengelberg: Maestro Appassionato at Muziekweb website
  51. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0061028; 1CL0061029) at British Library Sounds website.
  52. ^ Potter 2009.
  53. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0055136; 1CL0055138) at British Library Sounds website.
  54. ^ Elste, Martin (2016). Meilensteine der Bach-Interpretation 1750-2000: Eine Werkgeschichte im Wandel. Springer. ISBN 9783476037923, p. 423
  55. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0018632; 1CL0018635) at British Library Sounds website.
  56. ^ Discography of searching sources for the Specified Nonprofit Corporation KF-Archive at KF-Archive website, pp. 28–29
  57. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0038403; 1CL0038405) at British Library Sounds website.
  58. ^ Adolf Busch's Discography at Max-Reger-Institute website, p. 16 (22 June 2016)
  59. ^ The Menuhin Century at Muziekweb website
  60. ^ Legendary Treasures - David Oistrakh Collection Vol 8 - Bach at ArkivMusic website.
  61. ^ a b c Recordings & Discography - Arthur Grumiaux at TRM Solutions website.
  62. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1CL0048329; 1CL0048331) at British Library Sounds website.
  63. ^ Jascha Heifetz plays Bach & Mozart Violin Concertos at Presto Music website.
  64. ^ The Heifetz Collection Vol 6 - 1946-1947 at ArkivMusic website.
  65. ^ 1er Festival de Prades 1950 at Muziekweb website
  66. ^ BACH, JOHANN SEBASTIAN (1645-1695) at Fundació Pau Casals [ca] website.
  67. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1LP0164027) at British Library Sounds website.
  68. ^ Bach - Concertos pour violon - Ulrich Grehling & Georg Friedrich Hendel - Orchestre de Chambre de la Sarre - Karl Ristenpart at Forgotten Records website.
  69. ^ Bach, Mozart, etc.: Violin concertos/Kogan at Classics Today website.
  70. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra, BWV 1043, D minor (1LP0181327) at British Library Sounds website.
  71. ^ Bach-Concertos pour violon, deux violons,violon et hautbois, clavecin-Devy Erlih, Henry Merckel, Reinhold Barchet, Kurt Kalmus, Rolf Reinhardt-Orchestre Pro Arte, Munich-Kurt Redel at Forgotten Records website.
  72. ^ Vox PL 9150
  73. ^ Wolfgang Schneiderhan - 1950s Concerto Recordings at ArkivMusic website.
  74. ^ BnF 37900245d
  75. ^ Symphonium 1108
  76. ^ Bach: Konzert fur 2 Violinen BWV 1043/Vivaldi: Concerto grosso Op. 3 No. 8 at Presto Music website.
  77. ^ OCLC 873195537
  78. ^ Yehudi Menuhin and David Oistrakh play Bach's Double Violin Concerto: Orchestre de chambre de la RTF, Pierre Capdevielle at Medici.tv website.
  79. ^ In memoriam: Yehudi Menuhin at Musicweb International website.
  80. ^ In memoriam: Yehudi Menuhin at Muziekweb website
  81. ^ Rudolf Barshai - A Tribute to Rudolf Barshai at jpc website.
  82. ^ BACH: Concerto for 2 Violins in D minor BWV 1043 at goclassic website.
  83. ^ Violin Collection / Kogan at ArkivMusic website.
  84. ^ Yehudi Menuhin: The Great Violin Concertos at Musicweb International website.
  85. ^ The 6 Brandenburg concerti & 3 violin concerti at Muziekweb website
  86. ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France
  87. ^ Edition David Oistrakh, Vol. 6 at Muziekweb website
  88. ^ Edith Peinemann – Pina Carmirelli – Munich Phil. – Vienna Festival 1960 – Past Daily Mid-Week Concert at Past Daily website.
  89. ^ Tue 21. June 1960 19:30 – Großer Saal, Musikverein – Münchner Philharmoniker – Fritz Rieger: Bach • Bruckner at Musikverein website.
  90. ^ Les concertos pour violon at Muziekweb website
  91. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos, BWV 1041 & 1043 at Yandex website.
  92. ^ Bach, Brahms, Tchaikovsky: Violin Concertos / David Oistrakh at ArkivMusic website.
  93. ^ Double concerto at Muziekweb website
  94. ^ Original Jacket Collection - Jascha Heifetz at ArkivMusic website.
  95. ^ The Original Jacket Collection: Jascha Heifetz at Opus Klassiek website.
  96. ^ 4 ouvertüren at Muziekweb website
  97. ^ OCLC 7072161
  98. ^ Abbado Festival at Club abbadiani itineranti [it] website.
  99. ^ Concerto in re min. per due violine at Muziekweb website
  100. ^ CD37 of Nathan Milstein: Great DG & EMI Recordings (at Douban website).
  101. ^ LCCN r640-1495
  102. ^ Erica Morini Discography at Youngrok Lee website.
  103. ^ Bach Violin Concertos Szeryng 1965 at Trustysound website.
  104. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos, Concerto For 2 Violins, Etc / Suk at ArkivMusic website.
  105. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  106. ^ Violinconcertos at Muziekweb website
  107. ^ Artone BDE S-1723
  108. ^ Karajan: The Music, The Legend at Alibris website.
  109. ^ Concerto For 2 Violins In D Minor BWV 1043 at Radio Swiss Classic website.
  110. ^ Das Alte Werk SAWT 9508-A
  111. ^ J.S. Bach: Concertos / David & Igor Oistrakh, violins; Moscow CO, Barshai (rec. 1959-1976) at hbdirect website.
  112. ^ Philips 6500 119
  113. ^ Harmonia Mundi HM 113
  114. ^ Bach, Berg: Violin Concertos at ArkivMusic website.
  115. ^ BnF 377715865
  116. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos / Perlman, Zukerman, Barenboim, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  117. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  118. ^ Leonard, James. Zino Francescatti / Rudolf Baumgartner / Regis Pasquier; Bach: Concertos pour violon (CD - Deutsche Grammophon #459169) at AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
  119. ^ Zino Francescatti Discography at Youngrok Lee website.
  120. ^ Concerto for two violins in d minor at Muziekweb website
  121. ^ OCLC 3113043
  122. ^ The Early Years - Szymon Goldberg Plays Bach at ArkivMusic website.
  123. ^ Bach: Szymon Goldberg at Muziekweb website
  124. ^ Bach: Concertos, Cantatas No 82 / Ardal, Génetay, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  125. ^ Concert Of The Century / Bernstein, Horowitz, Stern, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  126. ^ 3 violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  127. ^ OCLC 1033802653
  128. ^ Philips 9500 614
  129. ^ Violin concertos : BWV 1041-1043 / Johan Sebastian Bach ; Dénes Kovács, Mária Bálint ; Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra ; conducted by Miklós Erdélyi at Zagreb City Library [sh] website.
  130. ^ RCA RL 30398 (1980)
  131. ^ Discography at Ruggiero Ricci website.
  132. ^ Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra at The Canadian Encyclopedia website.
  133. ^ Moss Music Group (Canada) MMG 1122.
  134. ^ Expanded Edition - J.s. Bach / Stern, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  135. ^ Sony Classical SMK 66 471
  136. ^ Violinkonzerte BWV 1041-1043 at Muziekweb website
  137. ^ Double concertos at Muziekweb website
  138. ^ Search Results for Yehudi Menuhin, violin, Jin Li, violin at CHARM website.
  139. ^ His Master's Voice ASD 4207
  140. ^ Concertos for 1 & 2 violins & strings at Muziekweb website
  141. ^ Concerti for 2 violins at Muziekweb website
  142. ^ Concerto for violin and strings no.1 in a minor BWV 1041 at Muziekweb website
  143. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos Nos. 1 & 2 at Presto Music website.
  144. ^ Bach: Concerto for Two Violins in D minor at Muziekweb website
  145. ^ Bach: Violinkonzerte BWV 1041-1043 at Anne-Sophie Mutter website.
  146. ^ The Hubermann Week Festival, 30th Anniversary at ArkivMusic website.
  147. ^ Concerto for two violins, strings, and continuo in d minor, BWV 1043 at Muziekweb website
  148. ^ Philips 411 108-1
  149. ^ Bach: Concertos / Trevor Pinnock, The English Concert at ArkivMusic website.
  150. ^ BnF 382195299
  151. ^ Forlane UM 6517 at ilovelp website.
  152. ^ Portrait Of A Legendary Violinist - Bach, Mozart / Shumsky at ArkivMusic website.
  153. ^ Polskie Nagrania Muza SX 2151–2152
  154. ^ Bach,Vivaldi - V. Tretyakov,R. Barshai at russiandvd website.
  155. ^ Contour Red Label CC 7607
  156. ^ J.S. Bach:Concerto pour 2 violons BWV 1043 at Muziekweb website
  157. ^ J.S. Bach: Double Concerto – The Violin Concertos at Muziekweb website
  158. ^ EMI CDC 7 47900 2
  159. ^ LCCN 88-754464
  160. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  161. ^ Bach, Vivaldi: Double Concertos / Zukerman, Midori at ArkivMusic website.
  162. ^ Vivaldi, Bach / Schroder, Ritchie, Quan, Helicon at ArkivMusic website.
  163. ^ Johann Sebastian Bach: Violin Concertos at Muziekweb website
  164. ^ Novalis 150 017-1
  165. ^ Duarte, John (May 1988). Review: Bach Violin Concertos in Gramophone.
  166. ^ Start (State of the Art) Records STDL 13
  167. ^ OCLC 20313860
  168. ^ RCA Victor Red Seal RD87991
  169. ^ Concertos at Muziekweb website
  170. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  171. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos – The King's Consort, Robert King at Hyperion Records website.
  172. ^ BACH, J.S.: Violin Concertos, BWV 1041-1043 (Takako Nishizaki, Capella Istropolitana, Dohnányi) at Naxos website.
  173. ^ OCLC 720520906
  174. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  175. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  176. ^ Natasha Korsakova - Andrei Korsakov - J.S. Bach - W.A. Mozart- Violin Concert at Russian Compact Disc website.
  177. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos / Zukerman, English Co at ArkivMusic website.
  178. ^ Moscow Virtuosi at Muziekweb website
  179. ^ OCLC 61369744
  180. ^ Aurophon AU 32186 CD
  181. ^ À ma mère at bassdiscography website.
  182. ^ A ma mère at Muziekweb website
  183. ^ Merit - Bach: Concertos For 1, 2 & 3 Violins / Sand, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  184. ^ Concerti per violino at Muziekweb website
  185. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  186. ^ Bach concertos at Muziekweb website
  187. ^ Bach: Concertos for Violin & Strings at Chandos Records website.
  188. ^ Solo & double violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  189. ^ Bach: Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  190. ^ Zubin Mehta and Daniel Barenboim – With Isaac Stern, Gil Shaham, Maxim Vengerov, Pinchas Zukerman, Itzhak Perlman...: The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra 60th Anniversary Gala at Medici.tv website.
  191. ^ Itzhak Perlman: Anniversary Box at ArkivMusic website.
  192. ^ The Israel philharmonic orchestra 60th anniversary gala concert at Muziekweb website
  193. ^ Bach: Solo Concertos Vol 3 / Musica Alta Ripa at ArkivMusic website.
  194. ^ Wollny 1999.
  195. ^ BACH, J.S.: Violin Concertos, BWV 1041-1043 and BWV 1052 at Naxos website.
  196. ^ In memoriam Yehudi Menuhin at Muziekweb website
  197. ^ Violin concertos ; hänssler edition bachakademie ; vol.125 at Muziekweb website
  198. ^ Concertos 1 at Muziekweb website
  199. ^ Bach Edition: Double Concertos at Muziekweb website
  200. ^ The concerto album at Muziekweb website
  201. ^ Kennedy Plays Bach With The Berlin Philharmonic at ArkivMusic website.
  202. ^ Hilary Hahn - Bach: Violin Concertos / Kahane, La Co at ArkivMusic website.
  203. ^ Concertos vol.II ; concertos ; vol.2 at Muziekweb website
  204. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  205. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  206. ^ Bach: Concerts avec plusieurs instruments (Vol. I à VI) - Intégrale (booklet: pp. 38–39) at Chandos Records website.
  207. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos at Muziekweb website
  208. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  209. ^ Concerti and concerti grossi by Handel, JS Bach and Vivaldi at Muziekweb website
  210. ^ Fiori Musicali at ArkivMusic website.
  211. ^ Bach: Daniel Hope at Muziekweb website
  212. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos, Etc / Hope, Bezuidenhout, Et Al at ArkivMusic website.
  213. ^ Double Concertos For Strings at bassdiscography website.
  214. ^ Bach, Telemann, Vivaldi, Bottesini: Double Concertos For Strings at ArkivMusic website.
  215. ^ Bach: Suite No. 2; Concertos at Chandos Records website.
  216. ^ Concertos pour violon at Muziekweb website
  217. ^ DECCA 4780650 at Musicweb International website.
  218. ^ Bach Concertos at Academy of St Martin in the Fields website.
  219. ^ OCLC 24089269
  220. ^ Johann Sebastian Bach - Violinkonzerte at ARS Produktion website.
  221. ^ Bach: Violin Concerti / Elmar Bach: Violin Concerti, Arco Ensemble at ArkivMusic website.
  222. ^ Scottish Ensembles, Episode 4 of 5: Scottish Ensemble at BBC website.
  223. ^ Musikalische Perlen at Muziekweb website
  224. ^ Air - The Bach Album / Meyers, Mercurio, English Chamber Orchestra at ArkivMusic website.
  225. ^ Air: The Bach album at Muziekweb website
  226. ^ JS Bach: Violin Concertos, BWV 1041-1043 & Oboe Concerto, BWV 1060R at Presto Music website.
  227. ^ Frank Peter Zimmermann / Alan Gilbert: J.S. Bach, Berg, Brahms at AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-09-10.
  228. ^ New York Philharmonic October 5–7, 2011 at instantencore website.
  229. ^ Live aus dem Casino Baumgarten at Muziekweb website
  230. ^ Johann Sebastian Bach: Violinkonzerte BWV 1041-1043 at jpc website.
  231. ^ Johann Sebastian BACH (1685 - 1750): Violin Concertos at musica Dei donum website.
  232. ^ BACH, J.S.: Violin 5, BWV 1041, 1042, 1043 / Concerto for Oboe and Violin (Eschkenazy, Top, Ogrintchouk, Concertgebouw Chamber Orchestra) at Chandos Records website.
  233. ^ J.S. Bach: Double & Triple Concertos / Podger, Bellamy, Pramsohler, Brecon Baroque at ArkivMusic website.
  234. ^ Double & triple concertos at Muziekweb website
  235. ^ BACH, J.S.: Concerto for 2 Violins, BWV 1043 / CLYNE, A.: Prince of Clouds / GLASS, P.: Echorus (Two x Four) (Jennifer Koh, J. Laredo) at Naxos website.
  236. ^ Two x Four at Cedille Records website.
  237. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos / Giuliano Carmignola, violin; Concerto Köln; Hirasaki at hbdirect website
  238. ^ Bach, Schnittke: Concertos for One & Two Violins / Deborah Nemtanu, Sarah Nemtanu, violins; Paris CO; Goetzel at hbdirect website.
  239. ^ JS Bach: Violin Concertos at Presto Music website.
  240. ^ Due Lune at Muziekweb website
  241. ^ Due Lune: Annebeth Webb & Joanna Westers at Gutman Records website.
  242. ^ The Club Album: Live from Yellow Lounge - extracts from works by Vivaldi, Debussy, Gershwin, J.S. Bach, Tchaikovsky, Debussy, Copland et al. / Anne-Sophie Mutter, violin; Lambert Orkis, piano; Mahan Esfahani at hbdirect website.
  243. ^ Videos at Noa Wildschut website.
  244. ^ Call No. EC BART CO S52 at Waukegan Public Library website.
  245. ^ Tabula rasa at Muziekweb website
  246. ^ Concerto for Two Violins in D minor at Netherlands Bach Society website.
  247. ^ CD-recensie: maart 2019 at Opus Klassiek website.
  248. ^ Bach: Violin Concertos / Faust, Academy for Ancient Music Berlin at ArkivMusic website.
  249. ^ CD-recensie: november 2018 at Opus Klassiek website.
  250. ^ Violin concertos at Muziekweb website
  251. ^ J.S. Bach: Double & Triple Concertos / Zsolt Kallo; Capella Savaria on Period Instruments at hbdirect website.
  252. ^ Bach: Double & Triple Concertos / Kallo, Capella Savaria at ArkivMusic website.
  253. ^ Magyar Narancs: J. S. Bach: Double & Triple Concertos by Capella Savaria at Hungaroton website.
  254. ^ "Esplanade". March 1975.

Sources

By title:

By author: