Colonial architecture in Jakarta

Jayakarta circa 1605–8, before its complete destruction by the Dutch, showing earlier pre-colonial structures before Batavia was founded

Colonial buildings and structures in Jakarta include those that were constructed during the Dutch colonial period of Indonesia. The period (and the subsequent style) succeeded the earlier period when Jakarta (known then as Jayakarta/Jacatra), governed by the Sultanate of Banten, were completely eradicated and replaced with a walled city of Batavia.[1] The dominant styles of the colonial period can be divided into three periods: the Dutch Golden Age (17th to late 18th century), the transitional style period (late 18th century – 19th century), and Dutch modernism (20th century). Dutch colonial architecture in Jakarta is apparent in buildings such as houses or villas, churches, civic buildings, and offices, mostly concentrated in the administrative city of Central Jakarta and West Jakarta.

Below is a list of colonial buildings and structures found in Jakarta. The list is sorted alphabetically according to its official (local) name. The list can also be sorted to each category.

Buildings that were renovated in a manner that significantly changed their appearance are listed separately to distinguish the different architectural form.

Some notable Chinese-style buildings and Islamic mosques that were built during these period are included in the list for comparison.

Dutch East India Company period – 17th to late 18th century

A map of Batavia

The first type of colonial architecture grew from the early Dutch settlements in the 17th century when settlements were generally within walled defenses to protect them from attack by other European trade rivals and native revolt. Following the siege of Jayakarta (previously known as Sunda Kelapa) and its demolition by the Dutch in 1619, it was decided to build the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company on the site. Simon Stevin was commissioned to design a plan for the future settlement based on his concept of the 'ideal city'. His response was a rectangular, walled town, bisected by the river Ciliwung which was to be channeled into a straight canal (later known as also known as Grote Rivier or Kali Besar or "Big River" in this area). This new city is called Batavia (now Jakarta). In accordance with Stevin's model, the fortress of Batavia was the most prominent building in the city, symbolizing the center of power, while townhall, markets, and other public buildings were distributed. This layout of Jakarta can still be clearly recognized today in Jakarta Old Town through the layout of the streets and canals, although most of the original 17th-century structures had been destroyed or replaced with newer early 20th-century structures.[2]

The architecture style of this period was the tropical counterparts of 17th-century Dutch architecture. Typical features include the typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters,[2] gable roofs,[2] and white-coral painted wall (as opposed to exposed brick architecture in the Netherlands). This earlier period of Jakarta had many of the buildings solidly built with relatively enclosed structures, a structure that is not very friendly to tropical climate as compared to the architecture of the next period in Jakarta.[2] The best examples of these types of buildings were located along the Tygersgracht (now Jalan Muka Timur) and all of them were demolished.[2] The best surviving example is Toko Merah.

Several types of Portuguese colonial architecture also exist, usually outside the walled city of Batavia. Tugu Church and Sion Church, with their plain facades and domed windows, are some surviving examples.

In 1808, Daendels officially moved the city center to the south because of the deteriorating condition of the inner town as well as the malaria outbreak. As a result, many buildings and structures from this period were left to deteriorate. Because of financial issues, many buildings were demolished in the 19th century and the debris was used to construct newer structure in the south, such as the Palace of Governor-General Daendels (now the Financial Department of Indonesia) from the debris of Batavia Castle, and Batavia Theater (now Gedung Kesenian Jakarta) from the debris of the Spinhuis.

Later, these empty lots in Jakarta Old Town were filled with newer 20th-century structures. Surviving 17th–18th structures were later converted as Jakarta's cultural heritage, e.g. Toko Merah, Gereja Sion and Jakarta History Museum.

Other dominant architecture styles from this period were the Chinese merchant houses, many were built during the 18th century. Many of these structures show an eclectic mix of Dutch and Chinese influences.[2]

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
18th-century Dutch mansion at Kali Besar Barat	Bank of China, formerly Firma Tels & Co[3]	18th century	anonymous	6°08′11″S 106°48′41″E
Arsip Nasional	Reynier de Klerck house[4]	1760	Reynier de Klerck	6°09′14″S 106°49′01″E
Baijen's Country House and the Outer Hospital (demolished, replaced by Citadel Prins Frederik)	Baijen's Country House and the Buiten-hospital[5]	before 1669, later a hospital, from 1743 until 1820.[5]	anonymous	6°10′13″S 106°49′51″E
Bastion Amsterdam (demolished)	Amsterdam	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°07′46″S 106°48′54″E	—
Bastion Buren (demolished)	Buren	before 1650[7]	anonymous	6°07′41″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Cuylenburg (demolished, on its site stands Menara Syahbandar)	Cuylenburg, Cullenburch, Culemborg[8]	1645[3][7][9]	anonymous	6°07′39″S 106°48′33″E
Bastion Diest and gate (demolished)	Diest, Diestpoort	1632–1635 (bastion),[6] 1638 (gate),[10] 1657 (gate strengthened with stone)[10]	anonymous	6°08′12″S 106°48′42″E
Bastion Enkhuizen (demolished)	Enkhuizen	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′05″S 106°48′59″E
Bastion Friesland (demolished)	Friesland	1632–1635[7]	anonymous	6°07′55″S 106°48′22″E	—
Bastion Gelderland (demolished)	Gelderland, Punt Gelderland	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′15″S 106°49′00″E
Bastion Grimbergen (demolished)	Grimbergen	1635–1650[6]	anonymous		—
Bastion Groningen (demolished)	Groningen	1632–1635 (replacing the older Buren fortification)[6]	anonymous	6°07′37″S 106°48′17″E	—
Bastion Hollandia (demolished)	Hollandia	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′19″S 106°48′46″E
Bastion Middelburg (demolished)	Middelburg	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°07′51″S 106°48′55″E	—
Bastion Nassau (demolished)	Nassau	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°08′14″S 106°48′38″E
Bastion Oranje (demolished)	Oranje	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′15″S 106°48′52″E
Bastion Overrijsel (demolished)	Overrijsel	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°07′47″S 106°48′20″E	—
Bastion Rotterdam (demolished)	Rotterdam	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°07′58″S 106°48′57″E
Bastion Utrecht and portal (demolished)	Utrecht Poort	1635–1650[6]	anonymous	6°08′07″S 106°48′25″E
Bastion Vierkant (demolished)	Vierkant	1627–1632[nb 1]	anonymous	6°07′36″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Zeeburg (demolished)	Zeeburch poort	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°07′34″S 106°48′28″E	—
Bastion Zeeland (demolished)	Zeeland poort	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′16″S 106°48′28″E
Batavia City Hall (1st) and church (demolished between 1622 and 1627.)	Kerk en Stadhuis	1619–1622[6]	anonymous	6°07′57″S 106°48′42″E	—
Batavia City Hall (2nd) (replaced with Batavia City Hall (3rd))	Batavia Stadhuis	1627		6°08′07″S 106°48′48″E	—
Binnenhospital, "Inner Hospital" (closed in 1808, demolished in 1910 for De Javasche Bank)[11]	Binnenhospital[5]	1641[11]	anonymous	6°08′14″S 106°48′46″E
Chinese hospital and home for the aged (formally closed in 1912,[12] later demolished)	Sinees Sieken Huys	1646[12]	anonymous	6°08′05″S 106°48′27″E[7]	—
De Middelpunt, "the middle point"	De Middelpunt	1650–1667[6]	anonymous	6°08′03″S 106°48′40″E[6]
De Portugese Stadskerk (burned down in 1808)[13]	De Portugese Stadskerk, De Portugese Binnenkerk	1650–1667,[6] 1669–1672[14]	—	6°08′02″S 106°48′37″E[6]
Fort Ancol (demolished)	Fort Zouteland, Schaans Zouteland[8]	1656[15]	anonymous	6°07′36″S 106°50′43″E	—
Fort Angke (demolished)	See Fort Anké	1657[16]	anonymous		—
Fort Jacatra (Nassau and Mauritius) (dismantled between 1627 and 1632)[6]	Fort Jacatra	before 1619[6]		6°07′43″S 106°48′36″E	—
Fort Jacarta Buiten Batavia (demolished)	Fort Jacarta Buiten Batavia		anonymous	6°08′43″S 106°49′50″E	—
Fort Meester Cornelis (demolished)	Fort Meester Cornelis	1734	anonymous	6°12′05″S 106°51′00″E
Fort Noordwijk (demolished in 1808)	Fort Noordwijk[8]	1658	anonymous	6°10′04″S 106°49′51″E	—
Fort Zevenhoek (demolished)	Fort Zevenhoek	1657[16]	anonymous		—
Fort Rijswijk (abandoned in 1697, demolished in 1729)[17]	Fort Rijswijk[8]	August 1656[17]	anonymous	6°10′03″S 106°49′08″E
Galangan VOC Restaurant and Ta San Yen	Carpenter's shop of the Dutch East Indies	1627–1632[6] or before 1650[7] or 1727[18]	anonymous	6°07′42″S 106°48′32″E
Gedung Candra Naya (1957)[19]	Landhuis Kroet / Landhuis Van Majoor der Chinezen Khouw Kim An or "residence of Chinese Mayor Khouw Kim An"[20]	18th century[20]	Khouw Tjoen (first resident)[20]	6°08′50″S 106°48′55″E
Gerbang Amsterdam or "Amsterdam Gate" (demolished in the 1950s)	Amsterdamsepoort, Pinangpoort, Kasteelpoort	1744[21]		6°07′51″S 106°48′43″E
Gereja Sion	De Portugese Buitenkerk	1695[14]	E. Ewout Verhagen	6°08′17″S 106°49′05″E
Gereja Tugu	Portuguese Church	1676–1678, rebuilt in 1737, and later in 1748.	Melchior Leidecker, later rebuilt by Julius Vinck[22]	6°07′26″S 106°55′27″E
Government House or a 'Playhouse' (demolished)	Huis van de Generaal/Speelhuis	1632-1650[6][7]	anonymous	6°08′31″S 106°48′55″E	—
Great Palace of Weltevreden (demolished in 1820, now Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital)[23][24]	Great Palace of Weltevreden / Landhuis Weltevreden[24]	1761[23]	for Jacob Mossel[23][nb 2]	6°10′36″S 106°50′12″E	—
Groeneveld (estate)	Tandjoeng Oost Huis, "Gedong Tinggi"[26][27]	1756–1760[28]	Pieter van de Velde (first owner)[28]	6°18′10″S 106°51′23″E
Jembatan Gantung Kota Intan	Engelse Brug[29] / Het Middelpuntbrug[30] / Grote Boom or "Large Tree Bridge"[30] / Djembatan Hoenderpasser Kali Besar or Hoenderpasserbrug or "Chicken Market Bridge" (1900s)[29][30][31] / Ophaalbrug Juliana (1938)[30]	1655 (after the demolition of earlier English Bridge, located 100 meter to the south),[6][29] 1937 (renovated)[30]		6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E
Kasteel Batavia	Kasteel Batavia	1619[6]	anonymous	6°07′40″S 106°48′41″E
Mesjid Luar Batang, Luar Batang Mosque	Mesjid Luar Batang	1739 (established)[32]	Sayid Husein bin Abubakar Alaydrus (founder)[32]	6°07′26″S 106°48′24″E
Mohr Observatory (demolished in 1812)	Mohr Observatory	1765	Johan Maurits Mohr	6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E
Museum Bahari	Warehouse	1652–1771	anonymous	6°07′36″S 106°48′30″E
Museum Sejarah Jakarta	Batavia City Hall (3rd)	1706–1710[33]	W.J. van der Velde	6°08′07″S 106°48′48″E
Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk, "New Church of Holland" (destroyed by earthquake in 1808, Wayang Museum is now on its site)	Nieuwe Hollandse Kerk, Groote Hollandse Kerk	1736		6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Nieuwe Poort, "New Gate" (demolished)	Nieuwe Poort	1627–1632[6]	anonymous	6°08′18″S 106°48′50″E
Old Gelderland defence works (demolished after 1667)[6]	Oud Gelderland	1622–1627[6]	anonymous	6°08′06″S 106°48′56″E	—
Oude Hollandse Kerk, "Old Holland Church" (demolished in 1732, bottom part still visible)[nb 3]	Oude Hollandse Kerk / Kruiskerk, "Cross Church"	1640	anonymous	6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Oude Utrechtse Poort, "Old Utrecht Gate" (demolished)	Oude Utrechtse Poort[nb 4]	1632–1650[6]	anonymous	6°08′10″S 106°48′26″E	—
Pasar Ikan, "Fish Market"	Vismarkt		anonymous
Playhouse of Adriaan van Hafte	Playhouse of Adriaan van Hafte	18th century	anonymous	Tanjung Priok	—
Raja Kuring Restaurant	Carpenter's shop of the Chinese	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°07′48″S 106°48′35″E[7]
Spinhuis, "spinning-house for single women" (later merged with Chinese Hospital,[12] then demolished)	Spinhuis, Spinhuys	1635–1650[6]	anonymous	6°08′03″S 106°48′30″E	—
The Latin and Greek School (demolished)[2]	The Latin and Greek School	1622-1627[6]	anonymous	6°07′55″S 106°48′48″E[6]	—
Toko Merah	see Toko Merah	1730[nb 5]	for Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff	6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E
Vihara Dharma Bhakti	Kim Tek Ie	1650, 1755 (restored)[35]	Kwee Hoen (Guo Xun-Gan)[35]	6°08′38″S 106°48′46″E
Vismarkt, "Fish Market" (earlier structure) (demolished)	Vismarkt, Vischmarkt	1632–1635[6]	anonymous	6°07′50″S 106°48′36″E
Waterkasteel (demolished)	Waterkasteel / "Hornwerk"[36]	1741, 1750[37]	anonymous	6°06′58″S 106°48′24″E	—
Wooden former office building at Kali Besar Timur (abandoned)	Various offices; Chinese shops (early 18th-century)[3]	early 18th-century[3]	anonymous	6°08′06″S 106°48′43″E

Colonialism – late 18th century to 1870

After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800 the Batavian Republic expanded all the VOC's territorial claims into a fully fledged colony named the Dutch East Indies. From the company's regional headquarters Batavia now evolved into the capital of the colony. In 1808 Daendels moved the old town center to higher ground to the south and urbanized the area known as Weltevreden. During the British interregnum Daendels was replaced by Raffles who governed until 1816.

Map of Batavia in 1840. Multiple villas started to appear to the south of the old Batavia.

As the Dutch become more securely established in the region, towns grew up beyond the walls of the fort.[2] Batavia, together with Semarang and Ujung Pandang, were the most important urban centers.[2] During this time, Batavia became congested and wealthier merchants and other powerful men began to build their residences on the outskirts of town and in the surrounding countryside.[2]

The period shows a gradual adaptation to the tropical climate form on the part of the Dutch colonial architecture. These new form of architecture is called Indische Stijl. Typical style during this period include large roof overhang, high roof and ceiling, and front and rear verandahs that opened on to gardens. Indies style can be described as a mix of Indonesian, Chinese, and European influence. Very often the local Javanese style limasan roof was employed, but with addition of 19th-century European architectural elements such as Tuscan columns, doors, windows, and a flight of three to four steps leading up to a verandah running the full width of the house.[2]

Neoclassicism was a popular style for buildings in Jakarta during this period, which is considered to be the best representation of the greatness of the empire.[38]

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
	Aley Cramerus Residence		anonymous		—
	C. Schultze Residence		anonymous		—
	H. Vaupel Residence				—
	J.J. Kunst Residence		anonymous		—
	M.C. Westerman Residence		anonymous		—
	W.C. van Benthem Jutting Residence		anonymous	Kebon Sirih, Weltevreden	—
All Saints Church	Engelsekerk, Gereja Inggris (original) / Church of the British Protestant Community (BPC) (1843) / All Saints Church (1950)[39]	1828[39]		6°11′00″S 106°50′06″E
Armenian Church (demolished, now a field within Bank Indonesia Thamrin building)	Armeensche kerk	1831[40]		6°10′51″S 106°49′21″E
Asrama Polisi Sektor Palmerah	Landhuis Kebayoran Lama / Gedung Tinggi or "tall building"[nb 6] / Rumah Grogol or "Grogol house" / Residence of Andreas Hartink	18th century[41][42]	W.J. Van de Velde[41]	6°12′26″S 106°47′22″E
Balai Kota DKI Jakarta	see Jakarta City Hall	19th century[43]	anonymous	6°10′52″S 106°49′44″E
Biara Santa Ursula, Kapel, dan Sekolah Santa Ursula; "St Ursula cloister, chapel, and school"	Ursulinen Klooster, "Kleine Klooster"[44]	1859 (cloister), 1888 (chapel), 1912 (school)	anonymous	6°10′07″S 106°50′03″E
Café Batavia (1991)[45]	see Café Batavia	1837[45]		6°08′04″S 106°48′46″E
Church of Saint Mary Ascend to Heaven (first form) (renovated in 1859)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming (original)	November 6, 1829 (inauguration)	Monseigneur Prinsen (inaugurated)	6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Church of Saint Mary Ascend to Heaven (second form) (collapsed in 1890)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming (original)	1859 (renovation of the earlier form)		6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Citadel Prins Frederik (demolished, on its site stands the Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta)	Citadel Prins Frederik[5]	1831[5]		6°10′13″S 106°49′51″E
De Club Burger Societeit (demolished)	Residence (1815, 1819) / Hotel Marine (1833)[46]	1815		6°10′03″S 106°49′13″E
Dewan Kerajinan Nasional (February 24, 1992)[47]	Residence / Office of Hamengkubuwono IX (1945)[47]	1860–1870[47]	anonymous	Jl. Prapatan No. 42 Kel. Senen, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10410[47]
Galeri Nasional Indonesia	See National Gallery of Indonesia	1817	G.C. van Rijk (commissioner?)	6°10′43″S 106°50′00″E
Gedung A.A. Maramis	Palace of Governor-General Daendels / Het Groote Huis / Het Witte Huis[nb 7]	March 7, 1809[48]	J.C. Schultze, completed by J. Tromp (1828)[48]	6°10′09″S 106°50′14″E
Gedung Kawedri (1987)[49]	TNI AD Department of Health[50] / TNI Batalyon Kala Hitam headquarter (1949)[50] / Netherlands/Japanese/Allied Civil Defense Department (1942–1949)[50] / Hogere Burger School (1867)[50]/ Gymnasium Koning Willem III School te Batavia (original)[50]	1860 (school established)[50]	anonymous	6°11′56″S 106°51′07″E
Gedung Kesenian Jakarta	Stadtsschouwburg / Bataviasch Schouwburg / "Gedung Komidi" / Shintsu Tekijō[51]	1821[nb 8]	J.C. Schultze	6°10′00″S 106°50′04″E
Gedung Pancasila, Pancasila Building[52] / Gedung Departemen Luar Negeri or Building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs[53]	Residence of Hertog Bernhard (original)[52] / residence of Dutch Royal Army Commander / Volksraad or Council of the Indies Building or Raad van Indië (1918) / Dokuritsu Zyunbi Tyoosakai or Badan Penyidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan[53]	1830[53]	J. Tromp[53]	6°10′28″S 106°50′01″E
Gereja Immanuel, "Emmanuel Church"	Willemskerk or "Williams Church"	1835–1839	J.H. Horst	6°10′36″S 106°49′55″E
Grand Hôtel Java (Demolished in the 1950s and replaced with Markas besar TNI Angkatan Darat (headquarters of the National Indonesian Army Land Forces))[54]	Private residence (original)[54] / Grand Hôtel Java (1834)	early 19th century	anonymous	6°10′06″S 106°49′42″E
Hotel des Indes 1st form (renovated in 1930)[55]	a residential / Hotel Chaulan (1828)[nb 9] / Hotel de Provence (1835) / Hotel Rotterdamsch (1854) / Hotel des Indes (May 1, 1856)	1930	?	6°09′56″S 106°49′11″E
Hotel Dharma Nirmala (demolished and replaced with Bina Graha Presidential Office in 1969)[56]	see Hotel der Nederlanden	1794[57]	anonymous	6°10′05″S 106°49′30″E
Hotel Sriwijaya (1950)[58]	Hotel Cavadino (1863) / Hotel Lion d’Or (1899) / Park Hotel (1941)[58]	1863	for Conrad Alexander Willem Cavadino	6°10′08″S 106°49′47″E
Hotel Wisse (1891, replaced with Hotel des Galeries in 1920)	Residence of Governor-General Petrus Albertus van der Parra / Hotel Ernst (1860–1891)[59]	around 1750	for Governor-General Petrus Albertus van der Parra	6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E
Istana Merdeka	Governor General's Palace or Paleis van de Gouverneur-Generaal, "Gambir Palace"	1873	Drossares	6°10′13″S 106°49′27″E
Istana Negara (1949)	Residence of Jacob Andries van Braam (original); Schonburg Building; Paleis Z. E. Gouverneur Generaal te Rijswijk	1796–1804, 1848 (renovated after an earthquake)[60]	?	6°10′05″S 106°49′26″E
Sunda Kelapa Lighthouse[61]	Vuurtoren Batavia	1862	anonymous	6°06′18″S 106°48′19″E
Jean Belle Residence (demolished, replaced with Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te Weltevreden in 1910)[62]	Jean Belle Residence[62]		anonymous
J.P. Coen Statue (demolished on March 7, 1943, during Japanese occupation)[63]	J.P. Coen Statue	1869[63]	anonymous	6°10′10″S 106°50′13″E
Kimia Farma at Jalan Budi Utomo	Loge nummer 14: ‘De Ster in het Oosten’;[64] Rathkamp Apotheek (early 20th century);[65] "Gedung Setan"[65]	1837 (established),[66] 1858? (probably the date of the building)[64]	anonymous	6°10′04″S 106°50′09″E
Kimia Farma at Jalan Veteran	Volksapotheek te Rijswijk[67]	1857; 1913 (renovated)	anonymous;	6°10′05″S 106°49′36″E
Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning in Noordwijk (Demolished in the 1950s, now Grand Brilliant Palace Restaurant)	Kleedingmagazijn M. De Koning in Noordwijk[68]		anonymous	6°10′02″S 106°49′39″E
Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp in Noordwijk (demolished, replaced with Kantor Departemen Keuangan RI bagian KPPN (Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara))	Magazijn Onderlinge Hulp in Noordwijk[68]		anonymous	6°10′01″S 106°49′37″E
Mahkamah Agung or "Indonesia Supreme Court Building"	Hooggerechsgebouw	1828	J.C. Schultze, completed by J. Tromp (1828)[48][69]	6°10′06″S 106°50′12″E
Menara Syahbandar	De Uitkijk	1839[9]	anonymous	6°07′39″S 106°48′33″E
Mesjid Jami Kebon Jeruk or "Kebon Jeruk Mosque"		1786[70]	for Tuan Tschoa (Kapten Tamien Dosol Seeng)[70]	6°09′20″S 106°49′07″E
De Militaire School te Meester Cornelis, Military School at Meester Cornelis (closed in 1892, demolished. Now stands the Army Department of Research and Development)	De Militaire School te Meester Cornelis	1852 (opened)		6°12′33″S 106°51′36″E
Military Society Concordia (demolished in the 1960s, now occupied by Gedung A.A. Maramis II Departemen Keuangan)	Military Society Concordia / Kantor Pusar DPR[71]	September 21, 1833 (inauguration); 1836, 1874, 1990 (building extension)	?	6°10′13″S 106°50′16″E
Museum Nasional, "Museum Gajah"	Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Watenschappen, "The Batavian Society of Arts and Science Building"[72]	1862	?	6°10′35″S 106°49′20″E
Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik	Palais van Justitie ("Justice Palace")	1870	?	6°08′04″S 106°48′51″E
Museum Sumpah Pemuda	Customs inspection office / Hotel Hersia (until 1951) / Residence (1937–1951) / Sie Kok Liong's Dormitory for students from outside Java (before 1928)[73]	before 1925	anonymous
Museum Tekstil (1978)	Residence; Headquarter of Barisan Keamanan Rakyat ("Front of People Safety"); Institution for aged people (1947)	19th century	anonymous	6°11′17″S 106°48′35″E
Office (building collapsed because of structural failure in 2015, demolished)	NV Koninklijke Boekhandel en Drukkerij G Kolff & Co (1860–1921)[74][75]	Before 1860	anonymous	6°08′03″S 106°48′43″E
Oger Frères[76] (demolished, replaced with Singer Building in the 1930s)	Oger Frères	1823 (store opened)	anonymous	6°10′05″S 106°49′15″E
Oude Katholieke Kerk, "Old Catholic Church" (demolished in 1830)		before 1821	anonymous	Weltevreden
Passer Baroe, Pasar Baru	Passer Baroe	1821[77]	—	6°09′55″S 106°50′05″E
Percetakan Negara Republik Indonesia, "Indonesian Republic State Printing" ()[78]	Landsdrukkerij (original); Gunseikanbu Inatsu Kojo or GIK (1942–1945); Percetakan Republik Indonesia (1950)		anonymous	6°11′26″S 106°51′23″E
Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia at Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan				6°10′52″S 106°49′37″E
Photographisch Atelier Walter Woodbury (demolished, replaced by Gedung Bina Graha)	Residence of Van Dorp (original) / Photographisch Atelier Walter Woodbury (1861–1908)[79]	before 1861	anonymous	6°10′04″S 106°49′31″E
Post- en Telegraafkantoor te Weltevreden	Post- en Telegraafkantoor te Weltevreden	before 1880	anonymous	Postweg (now Jalan Pos)
Postkantoor Weltevreden (demolished and replaced with a new building in 1913)	Postkantoor Weltevreden	1853	anonymous
Rumah Cililitan Besar (deteriorated and occupied by squatters by the 90's, now made into shanty homes)	Landhuis Tjililitan	1775	Hendrik van der Crap (owner)	6°16′08″S 106°52′15″E
Rumah Sakit Cikini or "Cikini hospital"	Raden Saleh Residence (original); Hospital and a Nurse Academy (1898)[80]	1852	Raden Saleh	6°11′28″S 106°50′28″E
SKAHA (first floor)	Assurantiekantoor Langeveldt – Schröder; Goedang Kakaco (Kerkhoff, Kerstholt & Co., Importeurs)[3]	19th century?	anonymous	6°08′12″S 106°48′44″E
SMK Santa Maria	Groote Klooster[44] / Mater Dei (1920)[81]	1856[81]	anonymous
Societeit Harmonie or "Harmony Society (Batavia, Dutch East Indies)" (demolished for road widening and parking area in 1985)[82]	Societeit Harmonie	January 18, 1815[nb 10]	J.C. Schultze	6°10′05″S 106°49′16″E
Stadsherberg (demolished after 1949)	Stadsherberg	1849	anonymous	6°07′30″S 106°48′35″E
Topografische Dienst te Weltevreden	Topografische Dienst te Weltevreden		anonymous
Villa Nova	Villa Nova	Before 1870[83]	anonymous
Wilhelmina Exposition Pavilion (demolished)	Wilhelmina Exposition Pavilion, Wilhelminapaviljoen	before 1880	anonymous	6°10′12″S 106°50′13″E
Zoological and Plant Society Main Building (demolished)	Zoological and Plant Society Main Building

Post Cultuurstelsel abolition – 1870 to mid 20th century

Map of Batavia in 1897

The abolition of the Cultuurstelsel in 1870 made way for the rapid development of private enterprises in the Dutch Indies. Numerous trading companies and financial institutions established themselves in Java, most of them settled in Batavia. Jakarta Old Town's deteriorating structures were replaced with offices, typically along the Kali Besar. These private companies owned or managed plantations, oil fields, and mines. Railway stations were designed during this period, with characteristic style of this period.[2]

Architecturally, neoclassicism fell out of favor to be replaced by Neogothic and Dutch Rationalism. Apparent architectural style were Nieuwe Kunst (e.g. Bank Tabungan Negara), Art Deco or De Stijl, and Amsterdam School. This architecture styles were also the tropical counterpart of the original style, resulting in a style called New Indies Style.

Two dominant architectural bureaus during this period were AIA Bureau (Frans Ghijsels) and AA Fermont and Cuypers Bureau (Eduard Cuypers).[2]

Colonnades are required during this period to provide protection against monsoon rains and tropical sun, which in turn transformed the appearance of buildings in the city centers.[2]

Colonial style in Jakarta lingered some years after the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in 1942, and further after the independence of Indonesia in 1945.

Last official name	Former names	Year	Architect	Location	Latest image	Oldest image
	Bioscoop Manggarai or "Manggarai Cinema"
	Binnacle (Schakelhuis)
	Frans Consulaat Koningsplein
	Electrification of the State Railway Company at Meester Cornelis (Electrificatie van de Staatsspoor- en Tramwegen (SS en T) bij het spoorwegstation te Meester Cornelis)			6°07′42″S 106°50′45″E
	Modernist villas of Westerpark	1920-1930s
	Van Arcken and Co. Shop
Algemeen Delisch Emigratie Kantoor (A.D.E.K.), "General Deli Emigration Office" (demolished, now Inkoppol)	Algemeen Delisch Emigratie Kantoor; internment camp ADEK(1942–1944); Bunsho I Kamp 8 (1944–1945); Relief camp (1945–1946)[84]	1920s?	anonymous	6°12′14″S 106°50′55″E
Aquarium, Akuarium	Aquarium: Het Instituut voor de Zeevisserij (Dept. v. Econ. Z.) en het Kantoor voor de Prauwvaartaangelegenheden (Dept. v. Econ. Z.).[3]			6°07′33″S 106°48′31″E
Artesian well at Batoe Toelis (demolished)	Artesian well at Batoe Toelis
Artesian well at Koningsplein (demolished)	Artesian well at Koningsplein			6°10′18″S 106°49′32″E[85]
Artesian well at Meester Cornelis (demolished)	Artesian well at Meester Cornelis	1881		Meester Cornelis
Artesian well at Postweg (demolished)	Artesian well at Postweg
Artesian well at Salemba (Demolished)	Artesian well at Salemba			6°11′37″S 106°51′00″E[85]
Asuransi Jasa Indonesia	West Java Handel Maatschappij[86]	1920[87]	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit-Fermont	6°08′03″S 106°48′46″E
Asuransi Jasa Indonesia	De Nederlanden van 1845 (original)[88][89]	1913[88][89]	Hendrik Petrus Berlage[88]	6°08′12″S 106°48′48″E
Asuransi Jiwasraya (1957, original front facade has been demolished for road widening. In 2016, the original front facade was recreated.)[90]	Nillmij	1909–1910[91]	P.A.J. Moojen and S. Snuyf[91]	6°10′01″S 106°49′24″E
Asuransi Wahana Tata, Wahana Tata Insurance	Office	19th century[92]	unknown	6°08′06″S 106°48′40″E
Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (BAPETEN), "Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency"	Gebouw van Burgerlijke Openbare Werken,[93] Department of Public Works[94]	before 1920[94]		6°09′50″S 106°49′11″E
Bahtera Jaya Ancol	Jachtclub Tandjong Priok[95] / Koninklijke Bataviasche Jachtclub / Kodja Bataviasche Yacht Club / Badan Keamanan Rakyat Laut headquarter[96]	1926[97][95]	anonymous	6°06′44″S 106°51′50″E
Bank Mandiri – Jakarta Pintu Besar	Nederlandsch Indische Escompto-Maatschappij te Javabankstraat (1920) / Escomptobank NV (June 30, 1949)[98] / Bank Dagang Negara (1960)	1920[99]-1921[100]	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit-Fermont;[99]Van den Berg en Pichel[3]	6°08′11″S 106°48′46″E
Bank Mandiri	Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij te Noordwijk	1924[101]	Hulswit-Fermont en Eduard Cuypers [101]	6°10′00″S 106°49′32″E
Bank Mandiri	Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China / Bank Umum Negara (1965)[102] / Bank Bumi Daya (1968)[102]	1920[99]-February 27, 1921[102]	Eduard Cuypers, M.J. Hulswit	6°08′12″S 106°48′41″E
Bank Mandiri – Jakarta-Kota branch	Bank Export Import / Bank Bumi Daya (1960) / Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank, Binnen Nieuwpoortstraat (1940)	April 1937 (start), May 25, 1940 (opened)[103]	Wolff Schoemaker, assistant architect Ir. J.F.L. Blankenberg[99][104]	6°08′13″S 106°48′49″E
Bank Sinarmas	NV. Handelsvereniging / NV. Reiss & Co[105]	1914	Eduard Cuypers, M.J. Hulswit	6°08′09″S 106°48′41″E
Bank Tabungan Negara Office (1968)[106]	Kantoor van de Postspaarbank (1920)[106] / Chokin Kyoku (1942)[106] / Bank Tabungan Pos (1945)[107]	1920, 1936 (renovated to current form)[106]	RLA Schoenmaker (1920), J. van Gendt (1936)[106]	6°10′02″S 106°49′13″E
Banteng Building – Kantor Advokat dan Pengacara	N.V. Gebr. Sutorius & Co. Handel Maatschappij (before 1932)[3]	19th century[3][108]	anonymous	6°08′10″S 106°48′41″E
Bappenas or "Board of National Planning and Development"	Loge "Adhuc Stat",[66][109] 1858? (probably the date of the building)[64]	1925[109][110]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau)[110]	6°12′02″S 106°49′57″E
Bengkel Praktek Kerja Pendidikan Teknik (1974)[111]	Nederlandsch Indie Gas Maatschappij	1924		Jl. Budi Utomo No. 3 Kel. Pasar Baru Kec. Sawah Besar Jakarta 10710
Bhanda Graha Reksa	Offices administratiekantoor Tiedeman & van Kerchem and associated firms [nb 11]	1922–1923[3]	L.M. van den Berg & J.J. Groenema[3][113]	6°08′10″S 106°48′44″E
Bioscoop Menteng (demolished in 1988, on its site stands Menteng Plaza)[114]	Bioscoop Menteng	1949[114]-1950 (opened)[115]	Han Groenewegen (Selle, De Bruyn, Reyerse & de Vries)[114]	6°11′00″S 106°50′03″E
BP7	Volksraad or Council of the Indies Building or Raad van Indië (1918) / Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsakai or Badan Penyidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan[38]	1927[116]	E. Kühr[116][117]	6°10′31″S 106°49′59″E
Building at Jl. Kunir no. 2[118]	Geo. Wehry & Co Office building	1925–1928[3]	A.I.A[3][119]	6°07′57″S 106°48′53″E
Canisius College	Canisius College AMS	1927 Opening January 11, 1930[120]	Fermont-Cuypers [121]	6°11′09″S 106°50′03″E
Carl Schlieper Gebouw (destroyed by fire on December 17, 1920, on its site was built de Factorij)	Carl Schlieper Gebouw	1911[122]	M.J. Hulswit	6°08′17″S 106°48′47″E
Cipta Niaga	Zee en Brand Assurantie[123] / Gebouw van de Internationale Credit en Handelsvereeniging Rotterdam[124] / Tjipta Niaga / Perusahaan Negara Aneka Niaga (ca. 1964)[125]	May 25, 1912[123][124]	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit[123]	6°08′04″S 106°48′43″E
Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, "Department of Energy and Mineral Resources"	Batavia Police Headquarter[126]	1925 (approximate)[126]		6°10′53″S 106°49′25″E
Département Keuangan, "Department of Monetary"	Ika-Daigaku Dormitory[127]	1942[127]		Jl. Prapatan No. 10, Kel. Senen, Kec. Senen, Jakarta 10410
Departemen Pertahanan dan Keamanan, "Department of Defense and Security" (1964)[128]	Rechts Hoge School[128]	1924[128]	J.F. van Hoytema[128]	6°10′38″S 106°49′19″E
Djakarta Lloyd Office (abandoned)[129]	Asurantie Kantoor van Ongevallen verzekering mij FATUM en Onderlinge elvensverzekering van EIGEN HULP / Honda (2004)[130]	1890		6°08′03″S 106°48′45″E
Eigen Hulp aan de Molenvliet West (replaced with Postspaarbank office in 1920)[106]	Eigen Hulp aan de Molenvliet West	1897[106]		6°10′02″S 106°49′13″E
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, "Medical Faculty of the University of Indonesia"	de Geneeskundige Hoogeschool, "Medical College"[131] / School Tot Opleiding Van Inlandse Artsen (STOVIA)[110]	1919–1926[131]	Dienst B.O.W./H. von Essen[110]	6°11′42″S 106°50′56″E
Filateli Jakarta	Main Post and Telegraph Office	1913[132] new front 1921 [133]	J.F. van Hoytema[132]	6°10′02″S 106°50′02″E
Former office of Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (NIHB)	First office of Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank (NIHB)			6°07′59″S 106°48′38″E
Galeri Melaka, PT Perusahaan Perdagangan Indonesia	N.V. Trading Company Deli – Aceh; Previously Borneo Company	1923	Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit	6°08′13″S 106°48′37″E
Galeri Nasional Indonesia, Gedung B	Bataviaasch Lyceum (See National Gallery of Indonesia)	1914[134]	M.J. Hulswit [135]	6°10′41″S 106°49′58″E
Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug (Demolished for road widening)	Gebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) bij de Sluisbrug	1888	anonymous	6°10′04″S 106°49′53″E
GKI Kwitang	Gereformeerde Kerk Kwitang	1924[136]	J. Abell, W.F. Pichel[136]	6°10′53″S 106°50′19″E
HAKA Restaurant	Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad newspaper	1927[137]	Frans Ghijsels	6°09′56″S 106°49′54″E
Kementerian Dalam Negeri, The Ministry of Home Affairs (demolished after 1960)	Binnenlands Bestuur	1912–1915[132]	J.F. van Hoytema[132]	6°10′09″S 106°49′42″E
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia	Passagekantoor van de Rotterdamse Lloyd en de Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland[138]	1930[139]	Fermont-Cuypers	6°10′20″S 106°49′21″E
Koperasi Jiwasraya	Der Levensverzekering Mij. Dordrecht te Weltevreden[140]	1913[140]	Ed. Cuypers & Hulswit te Weltevreden[140]	6°10′02″S 106°49′18″E
Gereja Katedral Jakarta (final form)	De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe ten Hemelopneming (original)	1901	Antonius Dijkmans, MJ Hulswit	6°10′08″S 106°49′59″E
Gereja Koinonia	GPIB Bethel Jemaat Djatinegara (1961) / Bethelkerk (original)[141]	March 28, 1889[141]		6°12′50″S 106°51′43″E
Gereja Pniel (1953)	"Gereja Ayam" ("Chicken Church") / Haantjes Kerk[142]	1913–1915 (replacing earlier church built in 1850)	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit-Fermont[143]	6°09′39″S 106°50′03″E
Gereja St Paulus (October 31, 1948)	See St. Paul's Church, Jakarta	1936[144]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau)[144]	6°12′02″S 106°49′53″E
Gereja St Yoseph Matraman, "St. Joseph's Church"	St. Joseph Church Matraman	1906 – June 22, 1909[145] or 1924[146]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau);[146] Ir Erawan Kartawidjaja (renovation in 2001)	6°12′30″S 106°51′35″E
Gereja St Theresia, "St. Theresia's Church"	Theresiakerk	1934[147]	J.Th. van Oyen[147]	6°11′20″S 106°49′32″E
GKI Pinangsia, "Pinangsia Church"	Geredja Keristen Tionghoa	April 11, 1952 (opening)[148]		6°08′27″S 106°48′59″E
Pasar Glodok main building	Hoofdgebouw Pasar Glodok	1920[149]	B.J.K. Cramer[149]	6°08′35″S 106°48′52″E
Hotel Duta Indonesia (demolished in 1972, replaced with Duta Merlin Plaza)[55]	Hotel des Indes	1930	Burhoven Jaspers[55]	6°09′56″S 106°49′11″E
Hotel Melati	Hotel des Galeries	1914	anonymous	6°10′01″S 106°49′16″E
Jasa Raharja	Zee en Brand Verzekerings Maatschapij Sluyters & Co / Assurantiekantoor Blom & Van der Aa, Assurantiekantoor Combinatie Sluyters & Co, and de Java-China-Japan Lijn.[3] / Lloyd Insurance (1950)[150]	around 1911[3]	anonymous	6°08′08″S 106°48′44″E
Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Jakarta Tambora, "Tambora Tax Office"	HSBC[105]	1910–1911[3]	Following plan of Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit	6°08′08″S 106°48′40″E
Kantor Pos Cikini, "Cikini Post Office"	Tjikini post kantoor	Before the 1920s	anonymous	6°11′14″S 106°50′12″E
Kantor Pos Kota, "Kota Post Office"	Post- en telegraaf kantoor aan het Stadhuisplein	1929[110]	R. Baumgartner[110]	6°08′02″S 106°48′48″E
Kerta Niaga (1966)[151]	MUCH: Maatschappij voor Uitvoer en Commissiehandel	1915[152]	Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit[3]	6°08′09″S 106°48′44″E
Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi – Departemen Perhubungan, "National Committee on Sea Transportation Safety, Ministry of Transportation"	Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (original) / Japanese Marine Department (1942)	1916–1918[153]	Frans Ghijsels (AIA Bureau)[153]	6°10′30″S 106°49′51″E
Kunstkring Art Gallery	Bataviasche Kunstkring. see Kunstkring Art Gallery	1913	P.A.J. Moojen	6°11′20″S 106°50′01″E
Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology[154]	Eijkman Instituut	1914 (built), 1916 (inauguration)[155]	H von Essen[155]	6°11′53″S 106°50′47″E
Lembaga Pendidikan Jurnalistik Antara, "Antara Institute of Journalism"	see Gedung Antara	1920 [156]	Reyerse & De Vries	6°09′57″S 106°50′02″E
Mesjid Cut Mutiah (1987)	N.V. de Bouwploeg (original) / post office, Train Company (1942–1945) / office of Home and Religion (1964–1970).	1922	P.A.J. Moojen	6°11′14″S 106°50′00″E
Metropole	Bioscoop Metropol / Megaria	1932	Liauw Goan Sing	6°12′00″S 106°50′37″E
Michiels Monument (demolished between 1942 and 1945)[157]	Michiels Monument	mid 19th century		6°10′16″S 106°50′00″E
Monument voor de Slag bij Waterloo (demolished)	Monument voor de Slag bij Waterloo
Monument for J.B. van Heutsz (demolished in 1960)	Monument for J.B. van Heutsz	1927–1932[158]		6°11′13″S 106°50′03″E
Museum Joang '45 (1975)[159]	Hotel Schomper[159] / Ganseikanbu Sendenbu (1942–1945) / Asrama Angkatan Baroe Indonesia / Gedung Menteng 31	1920s[159]		6°11′10″S 106°50′12″E
Museum Kebangkitan Nasional, "Museum of the History of National Awakening"	STOVIA[131]	1899–1902[131]		6°10′43″S 106°50′17″E
Museum Bank Indonesia	De Javasche Bank	1909, extensions 1924–1928 / new frontbuilding 1937	Eduard Cuypers and M.J. Hulswit / Fermont-Cuypers	6°08′14″S 106°48′46″E
Museum Bank Mandiri	See Bank Mandiri Museum	1932[160]	J.J. de Bruyn, A.P. Smits and C. van der Linde[160]	6°08′17″S 106°48′47″E
Museum Sasmita Loka Ahmad Yani	residence of Ahmad Yani / residence	1930[161]		6°12′16″S 106°50′11″E
Museum Taman Prasasti	Europese Kerkhof			6°10′20″S 106°49′08″E
Museum Wayang	Museum of Old Batavia (1939) / Geo Wehry & Co Warehouse	1912[2]		6°08′06″S 106°48′45″E
Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te 22 Noordwijk (Demolished in 1984, replaced with Kantor Departemen Keuangan RI bagian KPPN (Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara))[62]	Nederlandsche Handels Maatschappij te 22 Noordwijk / "Factorij"[62]	1910	Eduard Cuypers M.J.Hulswit	6°10′01″S 106°49′39″E
Office building at Jl. Taman Fatahillah no. 2	Gebouw West Java (WEVA)	1920[162]	Eduard Cuypers and Hulswit-Fermont	Jl. Taman Fatahillah No. 2 Kel. Penjaringan, Kec. Taman Sari Jakarta Barat
Old City Club	Het Nieuws van den Dag (original) / Asuransi Ikrar Lloyd / Athena Discothèque	1925–1927[163]	Reyerse de Vries architecten- en ingeniersbedrijf[163] / Ir. W. Selle	6°08′07″S 106°48′40″E
Oranje Brouwerij (demolished, now Kompleks Rukan Puri DeltaMas Bandengan)	Archipel Brouwerij[164]	Before 1939		6°08′16″S 6°47′57″E
Pancoran Tea House[165]	Apotheek Chung Hwa[165]	1928[165]	unknown; PT Pembangunan Kota Tua Jakarta (JOTRC) and Jakarta Endowment for Arts & Heritage (JEFORAH) (restoration and alteration in 2015)	6°08′32″S 106°48′53″E
Pasar Gambir Market Structures/Pavilions (demolished)	Pasar Gambir Market Structures/Pavilions			6°10′44″S 106°49′33″E
Pasar Ikan	Pasar Ikan, Gemeentelijke vismarkt	1926[3]	H.A. Bond & R.A. Ogilvie[3]	6°07′35″S 106°48′32″E
Pelayaran Bahtera Adhiguna	The Ships Agency Ltd Office	19th century[166]		6°08′08″S 106°48′44″E
Pertamina headquarter (1957), front section is rented to Bank Mandiri.[167]	Batavia Petroleum Maatschappij (original)[167] / Japanese Military Headquarter[167] / General Staff of the Army (before 1950)[167]	1937–1938[168]	Fermont-Cuypers, Th.C. Nix[168]	6°10′22″S 106°49′51″E
Perusahaan Listrik Negara, State Electricity Company	Kantoor van Nederlandsch Indie Gas Maatschappij (1897)[169]	1897		6°10′50″S 106°49′58″E
Rathkamp and Co. Pharmacy (demolished after 1948)	Rathkamp and Co. Pharmacy	1912	Eduard Cuypers, Hulswit-Fermont	6°10′08″S 106°49′16″E
Rumah Sakit PELNI Petamburan, "PELNI Petamburan Hospital"	KPM Petamboeran Hospital[170]	1914–1915, 1920 (extension)	Frans Ghijsels	6°11′35″S 106°48′13″E
Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, "Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital"	Medicinal warehouse for the Ministry of Health of the Dutch Colonial Government / Teaching Hospital (1919) / Het Centrale Burgerlijke Hospitaal (CBZ) or "Central Civil Hospital of Batavia" / Ika-daigaku Byōin (1942–1945)[171]	1919–1926[171]		6°11′50″S 106°50′51″E
Samudera Indonesia Commercial Fleet Division (Breakbulk & NVOCC) office building[172]	Maintz & Co Office[172]	1920s[172]	F.J.L. Ghijsels[172]	6°07′59″S 106°48′38″E
Nitour Building[173]	Singer and Nitour Travel Agency Building (early 1950s)[174]	1938[174]	Fermont-Cuypers[175]	6°10′05″S 106°49′15″E
SMK Santa Maria	Koningin Emma School[81]	20th century[81]
St. Aloysius Broederschool (demolished, on its site stands carpark of Pertamina Headquarter)	St. Aloysius Broederschool[176]	1908 (construction)	P.A.J. Moojen[177]	6°10′24″S 106°49′51″E
Stasiun Jatinegara	Station Meester Cornelis	1910[178]	S. Snuyff[178]	6°12′55″S 106°52′13″E
Stasiun Gambir 2nd form (post-independence)	Station Weltevreden (1884) / Station Koningsplein (1937)[179]	1927[179]	anonymous	6°10′36″S 106°49′50″E
Stasiun Jakarta Kota	Spoorwegstation Batavia	1926	Frans Ghijsels	6°08′16″S 106°48′52″E
Stasiun Manggarai	Station Manggarai	1918	van Grendt	6°12′36″S 106°51′01″E
Stasiun Pasar Senen	Station Pasar Senen	1916, March 19, 1925 (inauguration)[180]	J. Van Gendt, for Staats Spoorwegen (SS)[180]	6°10′27″S 106°50′40″E
Stasiun Tanjung Priuk	Spoorwegstation Tandjongpriok	1914	C.W. Koch	6°06′38″S 106°52′53″E
Station Koningsplein 1st form (renovated into current form in 1927)[179]	Station Weltevreden (1884)	1884[179]		6°10′36″S 106°49′50″E
Station Batavia Zuid (demolished)	Station Batavia Zuid		anonymous
Station Tandjong Priok (demolished in 1917)	Station Tandjong Priok	1885[181]	anonymous	6°06′40″S 106°52′51″E
Taman Kehormatan Belanda Menteng Pulo or "Menteng Pulo Netherlands Field of Honour"[182][183]	Ereveld Menteng Poelo	1947;[182] Simultaankerk, columbarium in 1950[183]	H. van Oerle from Royal Netherlands Engineers[182]	6°13′22″S 106°50′23″E
Topografisch Bureau (abandoned and destroyed)[184]	Topografisch Bureau	1868, 1907 (older building demolished and replaced)[184]
The Hermitage Hotel, Menteng	Telefoongebouw Menteng (original) / Departement van Onderwijs en Eredienst / Office of the Central Indonesian National Committee or KNIP (1945–1946) / National Education Ministry (1950) / Department of Education and Culture (1968–1996)	1923–1924[185]	anonymous	6°11′53″S 106°50′17″E
Telefoonkantoor aan het Koningsplein (demolished)	Telefoonkantoor aan het Koningsplein	circa 1924[186]	anonymous	6°07′53″S 106°48′38″E
Toko Tio Tek Hong	Toko Tio Tek Hong	1902	owned by Tio Tek Hong	6°10′02″S 106°49′54″E
Toshiba Office	John Peet & Co Office	around 1920[187]	Ir. FJL Ghijsels[187]	6°08′00″S 106°48′38″E
Unie Gebouw (demolished)	Unie Gebouw			6°09′47″S 106°49′14″E
Vereniging Toeristenverkeer – Official Tourist Bureau (demolished)	Vereniging Toeristenverkeer te Rijswijk – Official Tourist Bureau	1910[188]		6°10′04″S 106°49′22″E
Vliegstationgebouw Tjililitan (demolished)	Vliegstationgebouw Tjililitan	1928	H.A. Breuning
Airport Kemayoran (dysfunction)	Luchthaven Kemajoran (older structure demolished and replaced)	1938
Warehouse (abandoned, deteriorating)	Dasaad Musin Concern / Residence of the Director of NV. Pabrik Tenoen Kantjil Mas, Bangil, Djawa Timoer / Gebouw Mercurius[3]	1920[3]	Vromans[3]	6°08′02″S 106°48′46″E
Wilhelmina Park Atjeh Monument (demolished in the 1950s, on its site stand the Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta)	Wilhelmina Park Atjeh Monument	1880–1882[189]	Bart van Hove, Pierre Cuypers[190]	6°10′06″S 106°49′51″E

See also

• History of Jakarta
• Dutch Indies country houses
• New Indies Style
• Colonial architecture of Indonesia
• Dutch colonial architecture

Notes and references

Notes

1. The location of the Vierkant point was earlier the location of the English lodge / Shabandar point which exist prior the establishment of Batavia.[6]
2. The house was bought by Van der Parra in 1767.[25]
3. The Old Church of Holland was demolished to make way for the organ that was too large for the church.[34]
4. Earlier it was the location of the Zeeland defence point to the west of Batavia.[6]
5. According to a plaque in front of Toko Merah.
6. so called because it was the tallest building in Grogol during the colonial area.[41]
7. Material for the building was collected from Kasteel Batavia, dismantled in 1809.[48]
8. The material for the construction of the building were taken from the 17th century Spinhuis in Jakarta Old Town.[51]
9. established by A. Chaulan and J.J. Didero.[55]
10. The construction of the building used the former bricks of the wall of Old Batavia.[17]
11. Firma TIEDEMAN & VAN KERCHEM / – N.V. Assurantie Maatschappij "De Nederlanden van 1845". FATUM. LABOR. / NEDERLANDSCH-INDISCHE Zee- en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / TWEEDE NEDERLANDSCH-INDISCHE Zee- en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / KOLONIALE Zee- en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / TWEEDE KOLONIALE Zee- en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij / Zee- en Brand Assurantie Maatschappij "De Oosterling" / N.V. Cult. Mij. Bodjong Datar / N.V. Landb. Mij. Dajeuh Manggoeng / N.V. Cult. Mij. Gandasoli / N.V. The Indo Java Rubber Planting & Trading Cy. / N.V. Cult. Mij. Juliana / N.V. Landb. Mij. Kertamanah / N.V. Lebak Plantations Cy. Ltd. / N.V. Marywattie Tea Cy./ N.V. Landb. Mij. Radjamandala / N.V. Cult. Mij. Takokak / N.V. Cult. Mij. Tandjong Oost / N.V. Landb. Mij. Tjiletab / N.V. Bombay Java Trading Cy.[112]

References

1. Brommer 1998, p. 108.
2. Gunawan Tjahjono, ed. (1998). Architecture. Indonesian Heritage. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
3. "Indische Literaire Wandelingen – Jakarta". Indische Literaire Wandelingen. Indische Literaire Wandelingen. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
4. Gill 1998, p. 110.
5. Teeuwen 2011.
6. Kaart van het Kasteel en de Stad Batavia in het Jaar 1667 [Map of the Castle and the City Batavia in year 1667] (Map) (Den Haag ed.). 50 rhijnlandsche roeden (in Dutch). Cartography by J.J. Bollee. G.B. Hooyer and J.W. Yzerman. 1919. date inset.
7. Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo (1977). Pemekaran Kota (The Growth of Jakarta). Jakarta: Djambatan.
8. Die Rhede von Batavia, 1655 Batavia Map. Homann Heirs Nuremberg Publication
9. Pradaningrum Mijarto (December 1, 2009). "Mengenal Obyek Wisata Pesisir Jakarta Utara". Wisata Kota Toea (in Indonesian). Kompas, Warta Kota. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
10. Merrillees 2000, p. 80.
11. "Dari Ziekenhuis ke Museum BI". Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
12. [1] Archived February 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Hospitals of Netherlands East Indies 1890 – 1940 – A Comprehensive Study
13. A. Algra and H. Algra (1978). Twintig eeuwen historie van de Nederlanden. Deel 4. Franeker: T. Wever. p. 31. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
14. Jan Sihar Aritonang; Karel Adriaan Steenbrink (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Vol. 35. BRILL. p. 122. ISBN 978-90-04-17026-1. Retrieved July 19, 2013. ISBN 9789004170261
15. "1001 Warna Teluk Jakarta". National Geographic Traveller Indonesia (in Indonesian). National Geographic Traveller Indonesia. October 26, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2011.
16. "Angke, Fort" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on November 7, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
17. "Het beroemde Hotel Des Indes in Batavia heette ooit Hotel Rotterdam, maar dankzij Multatuli". Engelfriet.net. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
18. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
19. "Candra Naya". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
20. "Candranaya, Gedung". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on December 29, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
21. surijen (December 29, 2014). "Amsterdaam gate batavia".
22. Windoro Adi 2010, p. 226.
23. Asia Finest Discussion Forum – Pic's of VOC forts in Ambon Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Asiafinest.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
24. "Weltevreden" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
25. afbeelding: Gezicht op landhuis Weltevreden te Batavia Archived August 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Atlasofmutualheritage.nl. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
26. "Mengintip Sisa Rumah Tuan Tanah di Pasar Rebo". Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.. Mengintip Sisa Rumah Tuan Tanah di Pasar Rebo. Detik News. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
27. [2]. Landgoed Groeneveld. Familie Wiki. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
28. "A beautiful Dutch villa in ruins | the Jakarta Post". Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.. A beautiful Dutch villa in ruins. Jakarta Post. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
29. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
30. Jembatan Gantung Kota Intan, jembatan indah yang terlupakan, September 2013
31. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
32. Tjandrasasmita, Uka (2009). Arkeologi Islam Nusantara (in Indonesian). Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. p. 156. ISBN 978-979-9102-12-6. Retrieved September 4, 2011. ISBN 9789799102126
33. Gemeentemuseum Helmond 1990, p. 9.
34. Antique photos from colonial times – Asia Finest Discussion Forum Archived December 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Asiafinest.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
35. "Jakarta's Oldest Chinese Temple: the Jin De Yuan or Vihara Dharma Bhakti". Indonesia Travel. Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2013.
36. File: Design for a water fort on Batavia Archived October 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Atlasofmutualheritage.nl. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
37. "Water Kasteel" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
38. Gedung BP7 Archived August 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
39. "History of All Saints Church, Jakarta". All Saints Church Jakarta. All Saints Church Jakarta. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
40. "De Armeniërs, een volk waar ik deels van afstam". imexbo.nl. imexbo.nl. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
41. "Rumah Tinggi Palmerah" (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
42. "Rumah Tinggi Palmerah". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
43. "Balai Kota, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
44. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
45. Windoro Adi 2010, p. 70.
46. "Marine, Hotel". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
47. Dewan Kerajinan Nasional Archived May 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
48. Gedung Departemen Keuangan Archived August 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
49. "Perpustakaan Nasional, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
50. "Sekolah Raja Di Tengah Kota" [Royal School in the Middle of the City]. Berita Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Archived from the original on November 28, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
51. "Schouwburg" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
52. Republika Online – Gedung Lahirnya Pancasila, UUD 1945, dan Piagam Jakarta Archived August 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Republika.co.id:8080 (February 13, 2010). Retrieved July 6, 2011.
53. Gedung Pancasila^[dead link‍]
54. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
55. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived March 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
56. Merrillees 2015, p. 56.
57. Rumah Raffles, Hotel der Nederlanden Hingga Bina Graha – Arkeologi Indonesia Archived January 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Arkeologi.web.id (December 26, 2009). Retrieved July 6, 2011.
58. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
59. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno – Kawasan Rijswijk – Noordwijk, Batavia 1900–2008 Archived March 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com (January 22, 2008). Retrieved July 6, 2011.
60. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
61. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
62. Priambodo Prayitno. "Djawa Tempo Doeloe". Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
63. "Coen, Monumen". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
64. Mardani (June 23, 2012). "Mengungkap bekas 'gedung setan' di Jakarta". www.merdeka.com. KLN Kapanlagi Network. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
65. Alwi Shahab (September 29, 2007). "Jaringan Zionis di Rumah Setan". Djakarta Tempoe Doeloe (in Indonesian). Republika. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
66. Stevens, Th. Vrijmetselarij en samenleving in Nederlands Indie en Indonesie 1764–1962 (Publisher: Verloren, Hilversum) ISBN 90-6550-378-1
67. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
68. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
69. "Hoogerechshaf, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
70. Masjid Jami Kebon Jeruk ^[dead link‍]
71. "Concordia, Gedung" (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
72. "Nasional, Museum". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Jakarta City Administration. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
73. "Sasmita Loka A. Yani, Museum". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
74. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011. Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
75. Pradaningrum Mijarto (April 21, 2009). "Yang Tersisa dari Toko Buku Pertama di Batavia". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved August 31, 2013.
76. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
77. Apotik Kimia Farma Archived February 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
78. "Latar Belakang Sejarah PNRI".
79. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
80. "Rumah Sakit Cikini (Cikini Hospital)". Nile Guide. Nile Project. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
81. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
82. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
83. [3] Archived February 13, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Villa Nova
84. "Adek in Batavia". Indische Kamparchieven. Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie (NIOD). Retrieved June 20, 2015.
85. Élan Kooy 2008, p. 46.
86. KANTOORGEBOUWEN WEST JAVA HANDEL MAATSCHAPPIJ (BATAVIA)
87. Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, March 22, 1920
88. "Kantoorgebouw De Nederlanden van 1845". Coloniale architecture and town planning. Delft University of Technology. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
89. Bambang Irawan (May 31, 2014). "Berlage on Aperdi/Algemeene Building in Surabaya". Ayorek.org. Translated by Emily Wallace. Ayorek.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
90. "BAB III" (PDF). Petra Christian University Library. Digilib.petra.ac.id. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
91. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
92. maulana, Doni. "www.jakarta.go.id PORTAL RESMI PEMPROV DKI JAKARTA – www.jakarta.go.id". www.jakarta.go.id. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
93. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
94. An Official Guide to Eastern Asia – Batavia (Map). 30000. Cartography by Department of Railways, Tokyo, Japan. G.B. Hooyer and J.W. Yzerman. 1920. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
95. "Kota Betawi". Kotabetawi.blogspot.com. September 30, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
96. "Yacht Club". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2013. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
97. Merrillees 2015, p. 92.
98. Mandiri – Warisan Berharga Indonesia 2017
99. Akihary 1990, p. 100.
100. Het Indische Leven, February 19, 1921 p. 536
101. Akihary 1990, p. 101.
102. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
103. "Gedung Ex-Nederlandsch-Indisch Handelsbank".
104. "Digital Batavia – - – Foto". bataviadigital.perpusnas.go.id.
105. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
106. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
107. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno – Kawasan Rijswijk – Noordwijk, Batavia 1900–2008 Archived March 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com (January 22, 2008). Retrieved July 6, 2011.
108. maulana, Doni. "www.jakarta.go.id PORTAL RESMI PEMPROV DKI JAKARTA – www.jakarta.go.id". www.jakarta.go.id. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
109. My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia: The Order of Freemasons Lodge Archived October 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. April 6, 2006.
110. Gemeentemuseum Helmond 1990, pp. 28–33.
111. Bengkel Praktek Kerja Pendidikan Teknik Archived August 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
112. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
113. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië, 11 Augustus 1923: Het nieuwe Gebouw van Tiedeman en Van Kerchem - https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010219668:mpeg21:p001
114. "Menteng Bioscoop (Jakarta)" (in Indonesian). NAi. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
115. Merrillees 2015, p. 87.
116. Akihary 1990, p. 122.
117. "Gebouw Raad van Indië". Coloniale architecture and town planning. Delft University of Technology. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
118. Bangunan Gedung Jl Kunir no 2 Archived October 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
119. My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia (4): "Unendorsed" Geo Wehry & Co. Office Building Archived October 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. 2006/1/12
120. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch Indië, January 11, 1930
121. Het nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië, January 11, 1930
122. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië, January 17, 1910
123. Gedung PT Tjipta Niaga ^[dead link‍]
124. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
125. Lost Jakarta. "Jakarta 1964". Youtube. Youtube. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
126. "Google Earth – 3d Model by HMC". Retrieved May 14, 2014.
127. Gedung Departemen Keuangan Kantor Badan Urusan Piutang Negara Archived May 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
128. maulana, Doni. "www.jakarta.go.id PORTAL RESMI PEMPROV DKI JAKARTA – www.jakarta.go.id". www.jakarta.go.id. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
129. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
130. "Bekas Kantor Asuransi Kini Melompong". Warta Kota (in Indonesian). March 24, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
131. "STOVIA, Gedung". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
132. Akihary 1990, p. 112.
133. Het Indische Leven 11 juni 1921 p. 870
134. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch Indië, July 6, 1914
135. Gedenkboek van de Carpentier Alting Stichting 1902–1927 A. Geus (1927)
136. Akihary 1990, pp. 88, 133.
137. "Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia (1): John Peet & Co. Office Building and Misery of Berends Schout's Tombstone". December 30, 2005.
138. "Passagekantoor van de Rotterdamse Lloyd en de Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland aan het Koningsplein te Batavia, verlicht ter gelegenheid van het huwelijk van prinses Juliana en prins Bernhard". media-kitlv.nl. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
139. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch Indië, March 26, 1930
140. Het Nederlands Indische Huis Oud & Nieuw 1915.
141. Rinno Widianto (2009). Gereja-Koinonia (PDF) (in Indonesian). Depok: FIB UI. p. 19. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
142. "Haantjes Kerk". Archived from the original on May 21, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
143. Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, January 7, 1915
144. "Nassaukerk" (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
145. Yustina M Widhartantri (July 3, 2009). "Gereja St Yoseph Matraman, Saksi Sejarah Kota Militer". Wisata Kota Tua (in Indonesian). Kompas. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
146. My Odyssey. Trails of Ghijsels in Batavia: Roman Catholic Church of H. Jozef Archived October 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. 2006/4/03
147. Akihary 1990, p. 132.
148. "Sejarah GKI Pinangsia". GKI Pinangsia (in Indonesian). GKI Pinangsia. 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
149. "Pasar Glodok". Colonial architecture & townplanning. TU Delft Library. 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
150. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
151. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
152. Het Nederlandsch Indische Huis Oud en Nieuw, 1916 p.37-45
153. Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut Archived June 9, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
154. Nurul Ulfah (December 11, 2009). "Melawan Virus Bersama Eijkman" (in Indonesian). DetikHealth. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
155. Menjaga Autentisitas Eijkman Archived August 12, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Bataviase.co.id (September 5, 2010). Retrieved July 7, 2011.
156. Het Indische Leven, December 4, 1920
157. "Michiels Monumen". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
158. "Van Heutszmonument Gambir (Indonesië)" (in Dutch). NAi. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
159. "Gedung Joang '45". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on January 7, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
160. P. Nas; Martien de Vletter (2009). Masa lalu dalam masa kini: arsitektur di Indonesia. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. p. 142. ISBN 978-979-22-4382-6. Retrieved September 2, 2011. ISBN 9789792243826
161. "Sumpah Pemuda, Museum". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
162. Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch Indië March 22, 1920
163. Akihary 1990, p. 134.
164. Vletter, M.E. de; Voskuil, R.P.G.A.; Diessen, J.R. van (1999). Batavia/Djakarta/Jakarta – Beeld van een Stad. Purmerend: Asia Maior. p. 131. ISBN 90-74861-09-1.
165. Twi Wahyuni (December 17, 2015). "Aphoteek Chung Hwa: Rela Terkikis Demi Jakarta". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). CNN. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
166. Kantor PT Pelayaran Bahtera Adhiguna Archived September 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
167. "Pertamina". Ensiklopedi Jakarta. Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
168. Akihary 1990, p. 131.
169. maulana, Doni. "www.jakarta.go.id PORTAL RESMI PEMPROV DKI JAKARTA – www.jakarta.go.id". www.jakarta.go.id. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
170. "Sejarah Rumah Sakit PELNI" (in Indonesian). Rumah Sakit Pelni. 2009. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
171. "Centraal Burgerlijke Ziekenhuis (CBZ)". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
172. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
173. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
174. Merrillees 2015, p. 49.
175. De Indische Courant, febr. 26, 1938
176. Twee vrouwen zitten op het Koningsplein in voormalige Batavia (nu Jakarta) goederen te verkopen, Indonesië (1947) – the Memory of the Netherlands (het Geheugen van Nederland). Geheugenvannederland.nl. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
177. "Broederschool". Coloniale architecture and town planning. Delft University of Technology. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
178. "Meester Cornelis, Stasiun". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
179. "Weltevreden, Stasiun". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
180. "Stasiun Pasar Senen" (in Indonesian). PT. KERETA API INDONESIA. June 25, 2010. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
181. "Tanjung Priok, Stasiun". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Archived from the original on January 7, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
182. "Menteng Pulo, Kuburan". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2011. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
183. Mahandisyonata (May 17, 2006). "OCCASIONAL VISIT TO EREVELD MENTENG PULO". Multiply. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
184. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
185. "Telefoongebouw Menteng". Ensiklopedi Jakarta (in Indonesian). Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika dan Kehumasan Pemprov DKI Jakarta. 2010. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
186. "Telefoonkantoor Batavia". Coloniale architecture and town planning. Delft University of Technology. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
187. Jagad Mayanipun Mas Oyé Archived August 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Masoye.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
188. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
189. "Atjeh-monument Batavia (Jakarta, Indonesië)" (in Dutch). NAi. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
190. Djawa Tempo Doeloe – by Priambodo Prayitno Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Djawatempodoeloe.multiply.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.

Cited works

• Akihary, Huib (1990). Architectuur & Stedebouw in Indonesië 1870/1970. Zutphen: De Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-72691-02-4.
• Brommer, Bea (1998). Gunawan Tjahjono (ed.). Batavia: the Realisation of an Ideal City. Indonesian Heritage - Architect. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
• Élan Kooy, Michelle (2008). RELATIONS OF POWER, NETWORKS OF WATER: GOVERNING URBAN WATERS, SPACES, AND POPULATIONS IN (POST)COLONIAL JAKARTA. Vancouver: The University of British Columbia.
• Gill, Ronald (1998). Gunawan Tjahjono (ed.). Country Houses in the 18th Century. Indonesian Heritage - Architect. Vol. 6. Singapore: Archipelago Press. ISBN 981-3018-30-5.
• "Het Gebouw der Levensverzekering Mij. Dordrecht, aan Noordwijk te Weltevreden". Het Nederlands Indische Huis Oud & Nieuw 1915. II (I). 1915.
• Het Indische bouwen: architectuur en stedebouw in Indonesie : Dutch and Indisch architecture 1800-1950. Helmond: Gemeentemuseum Helmond. 1990. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
• Merrillees, Scott (2000). Batavia in Nineteenth Century Photographs. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet. ISBN 9789813018778.
• Merrillees, Scott (2015). Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-602839730-8.
• Teeuwen, Dirk (2011). Batavia's Wilhelmina Park – Jakarta's Mosque Istiqlal. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
• Windoro Adi (2010). Batavia, 1740: menyisir jejak Betawi [Batavia, 1740: sweeping up the footsteps of Betawi] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 978-979-22-5451-8.