Clitocybe odora

Clitocybe odora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Clitocybaceae
Genus: Clitocybe
Species:
C. odora
Binomial name
Clitocybe odora
(Bull.) P.Kumm. (1871)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus viridis Hudson (1778)
  • Agaricus odorus Bull. (1784)
  • Clitocybe viridis (Hudson) Gillet (1874)
Clitocybe odora
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is flat
Hymenium is decurrent
Stipe is bare
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible but not recommended

Clitocybe odora, commonly known as the blue green anise mushroom,[2] or aniseed toadstool, is a blue-green mushroom that smells strongly like anise. It grows near deciduous and coniferous trees, in small groups alongside tree roots. This mushroom is edible but may resemble poisonous species.

Taxonomy

First described by the French mycologist Jean Baptiste Francois Pierre Bulliard (1742–1793). The specific epithet odora is from the Latin meaning "perfumed".[3]

Description

Young specimens have a light blue texture on the cap which fades to grey in age; it measures 3–8 centimetres (1–3 in) wide.[4] The gills run down the stem;[4] both white with no ring. It grows up to 6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) tall.[4]

Full grown specimens have blue-green, flowery, cup-shaped caps; the gills are creamy white, or reflect the blue-green color of the cap. The cap's surface feels rough. The stem is thick, is attached to the gills with no rings, and is textured, with a pale-yellow colour. The younger ones have a bell-shaped cap with a light blue or icy blue colour. The gills and stem are white, or bluish green. It has a strong scent and taste of aniseed, hence its name. The odor is due to the presence of p-anisaldehyde and a small amount of benzaldehyde.[5]

There is a white variety (Clitocybe odora var. alba Lange) that has the same strong odour.

  • Gills and stipe
    Gills and stipe
  • Cap
    Cap
  • Cap
    Cap
  • Clitocybe odora four fruiting bodies. Watercolour, 1887. Iconographic Collections
    Clitocybe odora four fruiting bodies. Watercolour, 1887. Iconographic Collections

Similar species

Young specimens could be confused with Stropharia aeruginosa, in addition to other poisonous species.[6]

Distribution and habitat

Found in both deciduous, and coniferous woods, it is widespread in the temperate zones, occurring in Asia, Europe (August to December),[4] and North America. On the East Coast of North America it favours oak woodland, but it is often abundant in the coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest.[2]

Edibility

The caps can be dried, and used as a condiment, or used fresh for flavouring.[7] Mushroom hunters should be sure to pick mature ones, mainly because the younger ones can be confused with several similar poisonous ones that grow along with this mushroom. Every part of the mushroom should be examined before collecting for the table. Also, the stem and the cut cap should be checked to see if there are any fly larvae. Some guides recommend avoiding eating the species.[6]

References

  1. ^ Index Fungorum
  2. ^ a b David Arora (1986). Mushrooms Demystified. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-169-4.
  3. ^ Giovanni Pacioni (1993). The Macdonald Encyclopedia of Mushrooms and Toadstools (English version). Little, Brown & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-316-90625-5.
  4. ^ a b c d Francis-Baker, Tiffany (2021). Concise Foraging Guide. The Wildlife Trusts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4729-8474-6.
  5. ^ Sylvie Rapior; Sophie Breheret; Thierry Talou; Yves Pélissier & Jean-Marie Bessière (2002). "The anise-like odor of Clitocybe odora, Lentinellus cochleatus and Agaricus essettei". Mycologia. 94 (3): 373–376. doi:10.1080/15572536.2003.11833201. PMID 21156507. S2CID 46170831.
  6. ^ a b Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  7. ^ Mabey, Richard (1975). Food For Free, a guide to the edible wild plants of Britain. Fontana / Collins.