Planoise is a new urban zone created at the end of the 1960s because of the high demography of the city (Besançon). Before the buildings, there were a lot of farms and some monuments. This hamlet was transformed into a real little town within a decade.
Île-de-France and Cassin sector from the hill of Planoise (in 2009)
In Époisses sector, during an archaeological search a flint was discovered, proving the life in the place 3000 years BC. Three bracelets were also discovered dating to the Iron Age (500 BC), thus one burette dating to the Hellenistic times (4th to 1st century BC). All the objects are on display in the archaeological and artistic museum of Besançon.
A flacon in bronze, dating to the Rome time (500 BC) and a Madonna statue also an oil lamp in terracotta were discovered still in Époisses sector.
Middle Age
Saint-Laurent castle (entry)An old house, in Époisses sector1877: construction of the Fort of Planoise
12th century :
At the end of the 13th century, the fields of Planoise is included to the Free Imperial City of Besançon, according to Jean de Chalon, earl of Burgundy who fixed the limits of the city (in this time the Franche-Comté region is reattached at the earldom of Burgundy).
13th century
In August 1336, the duke of Burgundy want to take the city of Besançon after disagreements with the clergy of Franche-Comté. The duke send 9000 riders who posted in the area of Saint-Ferjeux, near Planoise. After many months of defense of the inhabitants of Besançon in the site of Malcombe, the duke abandons the city and grant a truce at Besançon. Many inhabitants of Besançon died during this post, resistant at the riders of the duke. It's because the site was called "combe du malheur" (French for combe of misfortune) and after "Malcombe".
15th century
In the beginning of the 16th century, the Époisses farm (called also Chambelland farm) is built ; it was the oldest building of the sector. This farm behoved at the doctor Chavelet.
The name "Planoise" appear for the first time: this toponym designate a wood of platanus. In this time, Planoise was a great forest, and few many inhabitants lived in this sector. The agriculture were the essential activities of the area.
Modern history
16th century :
In 1500, the clergy of Besançon acquired a big part of the fields of Planoise also a part of the hill of Planoise.
17th century :
In 1613, construction of Saint-Laurent castle by the viscount Bon Monnier, in Cassin sector. This building have a chapel, a farm, a smithy, a sheepfold...
The discharge of "Corandouille" (mean water who trickle) is opening. It receive the wastes of the city of Besançon.
19th century to World War I
Beginning of the 19th century :
At the beginning of the 19th century, the hamlet experienced a great development : constructions of a lot of farms, construction of a roads connecting Planoise to Besançon : the hamlet is becoming a true village, with 100 to 200 inhabitants.
Construction in 1812 of the laundry of Planoise, located in Cassin sector.
14 January 1815, the lord of Liechtenstein want taken Besançon, and his soldiers his posted in the area of Saint-Ferjeux. Marulaz, general of the army of Besançon tried to established a veritable army for resisted at the lord of Liechtenstein. The nearest refueling place was located in the village of Avanne-Aveney, and the general Marulaz must have gone into this township for win. The soldiers of the lord blocked the passage and occupied the place of Planoise. On 20 April 1815, after many months the lord of Liechtenstein abandoned Besançon.
Middle and end of the 19th century :
In 1850, a great road is built connect the place at the city of Besançon. Called "route royale de Moulins à Bâle" (road of Moulins to Bâle), this voice is the future Dole street.
In 1877, construction of the Fort of Planoise in the summit of the hill of Planoise.
In 1939, just before World War I the school of Châteaufarine is built. It is located near Dole street, between Île-de-France sector and Châteaufarine
During World War II, some farms were destroyed by a military maneuver. One American soldier was killed, and an infirmary was installed provisionally in a farm by the German soldiers, and was taken by the Americans later.
After the World War II
After the World War II, a lot of buildings and infrastructures were destroyed in Besançon, and the demographic boom took place in this time. The municipality had to take a decision: the construction of a new urban zone, Planoise.
Buildings of Île-de-France sectorOther building of Île-de-France
Sector
Date of construction
Builder
Flandres-Dunkerque street – Champagne street- Reims street
1968
SAIEMB
Franche-Comté street
1968
SAIEMB et OMHLM
Jean Moulin place – Bourgogne avenue – Dijon street
1968
SAIEMB et OMHLM
Brabant street – Malines street – Bruxelles street – Île-de-France avenue
1970
SCI et ODHLM
Cologne street – Fribourg street
1970
CRL
Fribourg street – Cologne street
1971
OMHLM
Picardie street – Artois street
1972
SCI
Brabant street – Savoie street – Ile-de-France avenue
1972
ODHLM et CRL
Savoie street – Piémont street
1973
OMHLM et ODHLM
Bourgogne avenue – Languedoc street
1976
CRL
Cologne street – Île-de-France avenue – Causses street – Piémont street
1977
OMHLM
1950s :
1955, the project of the new urban zone of Planoise begins, requiring that occupants leave his fields. The inhabitants of the place, essenciel a farmers dissatisfied, manifested and blocked the principals voices.
1960s :
1960, decision is taken: the new urban zone will be in Planoise. The city of Besançon bought the fields of Planoise for 7,160,886 Francs (1,091,670 Euros).
1962, all old buildings are destroyed or integrated at the new buildings.
1963, 24 July, the newspaper "le comtois" publishes an article about Planoise.
1965, 24 January, firsts real constructions of buildings.
1965, 28 January, L'Est Républicain published an article about Planoise.
1967, 27 October, the first apartments are finished.
1967, Construction of Tristan Bernard high school, in Cassin sector.
1968, the first urban bus serves the area and connects Planoise to the downtown of Besançon.
Alain Gagnieux, Planoise : une véritable petite ville au sein de Besançon 1960-1990 (en:Planoise, a little city in Besançon) – publied in 2004 – 76 pages
René Bevalot, Planoise... Vous connaissez ? (en:Planoise, do you know ?) – published in 1995 – 117 pages
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