The light was constructed in 1893 for the World's Columbian Exposition and moved to its present site in 1919.[7] The United States Lighthouse Board prominently displayed "its 'state of the art' wares and engineering achievements." Prominently featured was "the engineering marvel" of Spectacle Reef Light and a 111-foot-tall (34 m) skeletal cast iron lighthouse tower.[8]
Also displayed at the Exposition were a number of Fresnel lenses, including a stunning Third Order Fresnel lens which was awarded first prize at a Paris glass exhibition. The lens featured alternating red and white panels, and had been ordered for installation in the New Point Loma Lighthouse in California.[9] The coincidental conclusion of construction of the new Chicago Harbor light and the close of the Exhibition prompted the Lighthouse Board to keep the lens in Chicago, and thus the lens was installed in the lantern room of the new tower.[8] The original lens has since been removed, and is now on display at Cabrillo National Monument in California.[10]
Surrounded by rip rap, the structure has several levels: a concrete base and two red roofed buildings with a tapered white cylinder between them which is topped by a parapet and the light itself.
In 1917 the breakwater was renovated. At that time, the lighthouse was moved to its present site, and its attached fog signal room and boathouse were built.[7]
The design is "unique . . . similar to that of the offshore sparkplug towers, but this tower is taller."[11] Except for the additions made at the time of the move, it "bears some resemblance" to the Rock of Ages Light near Isle Royale on Lake Superior, which is its contemporary.[12]
In 2005, the light was declared excess by the Coast Guard. It was offered at no cost to eligible entities, including federal, state, and local agencies, non-profit corporations, and educational organizations under the provisions of the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000. After an unusually long delay,[11]United States Secretary of the InteriorKenneth Salazar initiated transfer to the City of Chicago on February 24, 2009.[13] The city had designated the lighthouse a Chicago Landmark on April 9, 2003.[7][14]
The Lighthouse's "significant role in the development of Chicago" is commemorated in a relief sculpture, entitled The Spirit of the Waters located near the LaSalle Street entrance of Chicago City Hall.[7]
Preservation efforts
In March 2022, Friends of the Chicago Harbor Lighthouse (FOCHL), a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit charity was formed with the mission to preserve, restore and celebrate the Chicago Harbor Lighthouse. In December of 2023, FOCHL submitted an application to the National Park Service for transfer of ownership of the lighthouse from the City of Chicago to the non-profit.
A good view of the lighthouse may be had from Navy Pier, especially at the end of the pier. Better views can be had by boat, including the various tour boats in the area.[8][14]
^ abcde"Chicago Harbor Lighthouse". City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development, Landmarks Division. 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
Rice, Mary J., Chicago: Port to the World (Follet Publishers, 1969).
Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ISBN0-923568-47-6; ISBN978-0-923568-47-4.
