The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor (Portuguese: Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica is an ecological corridor in the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. It promotes improvements to connectivity between fragments of Atlantic Forest in the region with the goal of maintaining genetic health among flora and fauna. The greater Atlantic Forest is also home to many native endangered or vulnerable species that are endemic to this part of the globe including but not limited too the: Golden lion tamarin, Three-toed sloth, and the Bristle-spined rat. The Central Ecological Corridor is beneficial in connecting hundreds of at-risk populations experiencing reduced gene flow and genetic variation due to deforestation.
History
The corridor was created as part of the Ecological Corridors Project, for which the final evaluation was completed by the Ministry of the Environment in December 2000.
A grant agreement between the World Bank and the Ministry of the Environment was signed in December 2001.
The project was effective as of March 2002.[1]
Priority was given to the implementation of the Central Amazon Ecological Corridor and the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor to test different conditions in the two biomes and use the lessons learned to prepare and support creation of other corridors.[2]
In the central corridor the state committees of the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve act as project management committees, with representatives from traditional populations, environmental NGOs, producers and businesses and the three levels of government.[3]
The strategy is to ensure protection of significant forest remnants and gradually increase the amount of connection between core portions of the landscape through control, protection and recovery of forest cover and development of sustainable production activities that contribute to the connections.[4]
Location
As of 2006 the corridor had over 8,500,000 hectares (21,000,000 acres), covering the whole of Espírito Santo and the south of Bahia.[5]
As of 2006 the corridor included 83 protected areas.
Of these, state-level units accounted for 53% of the area, 16 federal units covered 245,036 hectares (605,500 acres) and private reserves covered 11,145 hectares (27,540 acres).[6]
As of 2015 the Central Atlantic Forest Corridor encompassed an area of about 21,500,000 hectares (53,000,000 acres), and extended about 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from north to south.
This included areas of sea up to the edge of the continental shelf.
About 95% of the corridor was privately owned land, in 163 municipalities.
There were 128 conservation units covering about 2,200,000 hectares (5,400,000 acres).
In Bahia there were 10 federal, 15 state, 7 municipal and 28 private natural heritage reserves.
In Espírito Santo there were 21 federal, 17 state, 17 municipal and 41 private reserves.[7]
There are two centers of endemism.
The region has various types of rainforest including semi-deciduous forest, restingas and mangroves along river estuaries.[5]
The forest has great diversity of woody plant species.
Up to 458 tree species have been found in 1 hectare (2.5 acres) of forest in southern Bahia.[8]
Conservation units
The lists of protected areas below exclude the many private reserves included in the corridor.
Lamas, Ivana Reis; Crepaldi, Maria Otávia; Mesquita, Carlos Alberto Bernardo (2015), Uma Rede no Corredor(PDF) (in Portuguese), Conservação Internacional (CI-Brasil), ISBN978-85-98830-28-5, retrieved 2016-10-22
Roberto Xavier de Lima (2006), O Corredor Central da Mata Atlântica(PDF), Brasilia: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Conservação Internacional, Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, retrieved 2016-10-22
