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Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 (c. 19) is a United Kingdom act of Parliament.[1] It incorporates into English Law the Hague-Visby Rules which are to be found as the Schedule to the Act. The Act does not use the term "Hague-Visby Rules" as such; instead, the Rules are referred to in that Act as the "Hague Rules As Amended". Under Article X, the Rules apply if:
If the Rules apply, the entire text of Rules is incorporated into the contract of carriage as a "statutory contract", and any attempt to exclude the Rules is void under Article III (8). Section 3 of the Act provides that there is no strict (or absolute) duty to provide a seaworthy ship.[2] Under the Rules, the carrier must merely exercise due diligence, before and at the start of the voyage, to provide a seaworthy ship. The Hague-Visby Rules were amended by a protocol in 1979, but not all signatories to the Rules have adopted the amendments.[3] Additional UK provisionsAlthough Article I(c) of the Rules exempts live animals and deck cargo, section 1(7) of the Act permits parties to opt in to the Rules when the goods in the bill of lading are deck cargo or live animals. In which case, Article I(c) will be read as if it did not exist. Also, although Article III(4) declares a bill of lading to be a mere prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of the goods", section 4 of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 upgrades a bill of lading to be "conclusive evidence of receipt", thereby annulling the decision in Grant v Norway 1851.[4] NoteThe Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 does NOT apply to contracts for the carriage of goods by sea.[citation needed] See alsoReferences
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