Carinacea

Carinacea Temporal range: Late Triassic – Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Paracentrotus lividus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Subclass:	Euechinoidea
Infraclass:	Carinacea Kroh & Smith, 2010
Superorders
Calycina Echinacea

The infraclassis Carinacea includes most living species of regular sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the Triassic.

Taxonomy

List of orders according to World Register of Marine Species:

• Superorder Calycina
  • Order Phymosomatoida†
  • Order Salenioida
• Superorder Echinacea
  • Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900)
  • Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912)
  • Order Stomopneustoida (Kroh & Smith, 2010)
  • Family Glyphopneustidae Smith & Wright, 1993†
• Family Hemicidaridae Wright, 1857†
• Family Orthopsidae Duncan, 1889†
• Family Pseudodiadematidae Pomel, 1883†

• 
  Phymosoma granulosum (Phymosomatoida)
• 
  Salenocidaris hastigera (Salenioida)
• 
  Arbacia lixula (Arbacioida)
• 
  Paracentrotus lividus (Camarodonta)
• 
  Stomopneustes variolaris (Stomopneustoida)
• 
  Hemicidaris intermedia (Hemicidaridae)
• 
  Acrocidaris nobilis (Pseudodiadematidae)

Bibliography

• Andreas Kroh et Andrew B. Smith, « The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids », Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, vol. 8, no 2, 2010, p. 147-212