Burum language

Burum
Mindik
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionHuon Peninsula, Morobe Province
Native speakers
(9,000 cited 2000 census)[1]
Dialects
  • Somba
  • Siawari
Language codes
ISO 639-3bmu
Glottologburu1306

Burum (also known as Yaknge or Somba-Siawari after its two dialects and Mindik in the language itself) is a Papuan language spoken in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Its closest related language is Borong (also known as Kosorong).[2]

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants[3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
plain lab.
Plosive unvoiced p t k kʷ
voiced b d g gʷ
Affricate unvoiced ts
voiced dz
Nasal m n ŋ
Trill r
Fricative f s ɣ
Approximant l j w
  • /p, t, k/ are aspirated word initially and unreleased word finally. Between vowels, they are /w, r, h/.[4]
  • /kʷ/ and /gʷ/ are rarely [kp], [gb] in some dialects.[4]
  • /ɣ/ is [h] word initially.[4]

Vowels

Monophthongs[5]
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open ɑ

Burum also has 14 diphthongs: /iɑ/, /iu/, /ei/, /eu/, /əi/, /əu/, /oi/, /oe/, /ou/, /ɑi/, /ɑu/, /ui/, /ue/, and /uɑ/.[6]

Orthography

Orthography[3]
Uppercase letters A B D E F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O P Q R S T U W Gw Y Z Ö
Lowercase letters a b d e f g h i j k l m n ŋ o p q r s t u w gw y z ö
IPA /ɑ/ /b/ /d/ /e/ /f/ /ɡ/ /ɣ/ /i/ /dz/ /k/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /o/ /p/ /kʷ/ /r/ /s/ /t/ /u/ /w/ /gʷ/ /j/ /t͡s/ /ə/
  • ⟨f⟩ occurs in loanwords.[4]
  • Weakened /p, t, k/ are written ⟨w, r, h⟩, as pronounced.[4]

Notes

  1. ^ Burum at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Usher.
  3. ^ a b Olkkonen 1994, p. 1.
  4. ^ a b c d e Olkkonen 1994, p. 4.
  5. ^ Olkkonen 1994, p. 2.
  6. ^ Olkkonen 1994, p. 3.

References

  • Usher, Timothy. "Bulum River". newguineaworld. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  • Olkkonen, Soini (1994). "Organised Phonology Data" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

Further reading


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