Bocchoris (city)Bocchoris (also known as Bocchorum, Bocchor and Oppidum Bochoritanum[1]) was an ancient city in northern Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain), dating back to pre-Roman times. It was one of the oldest settlements in Majorca[2] and was once a foederatus (federated city to Rome), as recorded by Pliny the Elder. LocationBocchoris lay near the current town of Port de Pollença, on a hill to the right of the road from Port de Pollença to Pollença, around Boquer Valley. The city dates back to c. 1400 BC and many traces of it remain. A long stretch of the Roman town wall and the entrance gates are still visible in what is now flat farmland. The surrounding area has not been excavated. HistoriographyThe civitas bocchoritana, i.e., Bocchoris, is unique in the island of Majorca. Evidence that it once was a federated city is sensu stricto confirmed by juridic epigraphy, in the form of two different tabulae patronatus. Pliny the Elder also listed Bocchoris among the federated cities, in his book Naturalis Historia, III, 77–78 in the 1st century BC:
Near the ruins of Bocchoris, two bronze inscriptions were found, dating back to the years 10 BC and 6 AD. One inscription, found in the Bay of Pollença in 1951, and dating to 10 BC, mainly stated that Bocchoris' patron was Marcus Crassus, Roman consul in 14 BC. The whole text in Latin, as written in the inscription, is as follows:
The other tabula patronatus was discovered much earlier, in 1765.[4] According to this bronze inscription, dating to 6 AD, the Senate and the people of Bocchoris selected by mutual consent the Roman Senator Marcus Atilius Vernus as their patron. In Latin, it says:
EtymologyVery little is known about the origin of the word Bocchoris and whether the name of the city was actually Bocchor, Bocchoris or Bocchorum. The name is still conserved in its Catalan variant, Boquer, which denominates the area around the current Boquer Valley in Port de Pollença. The poet Miquel Costa i Llobera mentioned in his epic poem La deixa del geni grec, based on the legend of Nuredduna, that the Egyptians founded Bocchoris millennia ago, with its name linked to Bakenranef. This interpretation was conveyed to him by his friend, archaeologist Fidel Fita.[5] References
|