(in French) Geneviève Hasenohr and Michel Zink, eds. Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: Le Moyen Age. Collection: La Pochothèque. Paris: Fayard, 1992. ISBN2-253-05662-6
(in English)Urban T. Holmes Jr.A History of Old French Literature from the Origins to 1300. New York: F.S. Crofts, 1938.