Bergepanzer 2

Bergepanzer 2
Bergepanzer 2 of the German Army
TypeArmoured recovery vehicle
Place of originWest Germany
Service history
In service1966–present
Used bySee Operators
Production history
DesignerGermany Porsche
Germany Jung Jungenthal
Germany Atlas-MaK Maschinenbau
Germany Luther-Werke
Designed1960s
ManufacturerGermany Atlas-MaK Maschinenbau
Italy OTO Melara[1]
Unit costDM 750.000 (1966)
Produced1966–1978
No. built742
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass39.8 tonnes (43.9 short tons)
2A2: 40.6 tonnes (44.8 short tons)
Length7.68 metres (25.2 feet)
Width3.25 m (10.7 ft)
Height2.69 m (8.8 ft) (crane boom retracted)
Crew4
ArmorSteel: 10–40 mm RHAe
Main
armament
2×7.62 mm MG3
Secondary
armament
Smoke discharger
EngineMTU MB 838 CaM 500, 10-cylinder, 37.4 litres, multi-fuel engine
830 PS (820 hp) (2.86 kNm, 610 kW)
Power/weight20.9 PS/t (20.6 hp/t)
2A2: 20.4 PS/t (20.1 hp/t)
TransmissionZF Friedrichshafen 4 HP-250
SuspensionTorsion bar suspension
Fuel capacity1,550 litres (341 imperial gallons; 409 US gallons)
2A1: 1,410 litres (310 imperial gallons; 372 US gallons)
Operational
range
850 km (530 mi)
Maximum speed 62 km/h (39 mph)

The Bergepanzer 2 is an armored recovery vehicle based on the Leopard 1 main battle tank, developed in the 1960s and manufactured by Atlas-MaK Maschinenbau for the West German army. It first entered service in 1966 and replaced the earlier Bergepanzer 1. Various versions have served in the armed forces of Germany and other countries. It was later succeeded by the Bergepanzer 3 "Büffel".

History

Predecessor Bergepanzer 1

The West German rearmament from the mid-1950s led to the initial equipping of the Bundeswehr with U.S. armored vehicles. In addition to M47 and M48 Patton main battle tanks, M74 armored recovery vehicles were introduced, which, from 1962, were replaced by the M88 Recovery Vehicle, designated "Bergepanzer 1".[2]: 2 

Development

The Leopard 1 was designed from the outset as a family of vehicles. This was intended to significantly reduce the cost of operating, maintaining and repairing the tracked vehicles, since the personnel for many areas only required one-off training and the assemblies could be easily replaced.
Right after the Leopard, the armored recovery vehicle 2 was tackled. "Its main task is to recover or, as far as possible, repair on the spot tanks that have broken down on the battlefield due to enemy action or technical damage."[3]

On September 9, 1966, the first Bergepanzer Standard rolled off the production line at MaK Kiel.[3]

Variants

WiSENT 1

FFG offers the WiSENT in 3 different variants, the WiSENT 1 ARV, the WiSENT 1 AEV and the WiSENT 1 Mine Clearing.[4]

Technical data

Technical data
Description Bergepanzer 2[2] Bergepanzer 2A1/Pionierpanzer 1 Bergepanzer 2A2[2] Bergepanzer "Wisent"
Type: Armored recovery vehicle with self-supporting hull, turretless superstructure and crane boom
Crew: 4
Engine: MTU MB 838 CaM 500, 10-cylinder, 37.4 litres, multi-fuel engine
Displacement: 37.400 cm³
Power output: 610 kW (830 PS) 706 kW (960 PS) 3300 Nm at 1600 min−1
Cooling: Thermostatically controlled axial fan
Transmission: ZF 4 HP-250 planetary gearbox with four forward and two reverse gears
Suspension system: Torsion bar spring mounted support roller drive Torsion bar spring mounted support roller drive with hydraulic dampers
Overall length:
(Clearing blade in driving position)		 7570 mm 7980 mm 7680 mm 8210 mm
Overall width: 3250 mm
Overall height: 2695 mm 2970 mm (with topcase)
Ground clearance: 440 mm
Wading depth without preparation: 1200 mm
Wading depth with wading snorkel: 2250 mm
Underwater driving depth w. underwater snorkel: 4000 mm
Trench passability: 2500 mm
Climbing ability: 1150 mm 880 mm 1000 mm 880 mm
Gradeability: 60 %
Cross slope capability: 30 %
Empty weight: 39.200 kg 40.200 kg 39.980 kg 47.000 kg
Combat weight: 39.800 kg 40.800 kg 40.600 kg 54.000 kg (max. 56.000 kg)
Maximum speed: 62 km/h
Fuel capacity: 1550 l 1410 l 1550 l –
Fuel consumption and operating range (road): 840 km at 165 l/100 km 650 km at 165 l/100 km 840 km at 165 l/100 km –
Fuel consumption and operating range (terrain): 400 km (2A1) bis 500 km at 300 l/100 km (Consumption above 400 l/100 km is not uncommon in towing operations) –
Turning radius: 496 cm
Clearing blade width: 3250 mm 3250 mm (3750 mm with increased width blade) 3250 mm 3250 mm (3750 mm with increased width blade)
Clearing blade height: 591 mm 995 mm 591 mm 995 mm
Armament: 2 × 7.62×51mm NATO MG3 or C6 GPMG as anti aircraft gun and front gun, smoke discharger smoke discharger, armament varies depending on user
Ammunition: 4250 cartridges pverall for both MG3 –

Operators

Map with Bergepanzer 2 operators in blue and former operators in red

Current operators

  •  Brazil – Brazil operates a least 1 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 398 
  •  Chile – Chile operates 35 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 402 
  •  Denmark – Denmark operates 10 BPz-2 and 6 WiSENT 1 as of 2021.[5]: 97 
  •  Estonia – Estonia operates 2 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 98 
  •  Finland – Finland operates 9 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 100 
  •  Germany – Germany operates 82 BPz-2 as of 2021.
  •  Greece – Greece operates 43 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 110 
  •  Italy – Italy operates 137 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 117  MaK originally delivered 69 BPz-2 and 12 Pionierpanzer. The Italian company OTO Melara produced another 68 Bergepanzer 2 under license.[1]
  •  Lithuania – Lithuania operates 8 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 122 
  •  Netherlands – The Netherlands operate more than 4 BPz-2 as of 2021.
  •  Norway – Norway operates 6 BPz-2, named NM217 Bergepanservogn as of 2021.[5]: 130 
  •  Poland – Poland operates 28 BPz-2 as of 2021.[5]: 133 
  •  Turkey – Turkey operates 12 BPz-2 as of 2022.[6]
  •  Ukraine – ~39 pledged or delivered (31 from Germany,[7] ~2 from Norway[8] and 5 in cooperation from Germany and Denmark[9]), while 1 was damaged.[10]

Former operators

  •  Australia – Australia received 8 Bergepanzer 2 in 1977 with the introduction of the Leopard 1. The vehicles were deployed with the Australian Army, designated "Armoured Recovery Vehicle - Medium" (ARVM).[2] With the arrival of the M1 Abrams in 2007, the Bergepanzer 2 retired.[citation needed]
  •  Belgium – The Belgian Army originally had a stock of 36 BPz-2. 20 remaining vehicles were upgraded to the Bergepanzer 2000 in 2002. One vehicle was sold to Brazil. With the transformation of the Army, which eliminated tracked vehicles, the Bergepanzer 2 retired.[2]
  •  Canada – Canada maintained 9 Bergepanzer 2A2s. The vehicles, designated "Taurus", were deployed in the tank companies of the Canadian Army. The armament used was the C6 GPMG machine gun.[2] Divestment of the Taurus was expected upon final delivery of the Bergepanzer 3, designated "Mammoth".[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Foss, Christopher F., ed. (2005). Jane's Armour and Artillery: 2005-2006. Jane's Information Group. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-71-062686-8. OCLC 452263052.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Marx, Stefan (2004). Die Bergepanzer der Bundeswehr und die deutsche Bergetechnik. Tankograd Militärfahrzeuge Spezial (in German). Vol. 5004. Tankograd Publishing.
  3. ^ a b Haslinger, Thomas (July 2015). "IV.2: Veränderungen im Beschaffungsprozess der Bundeswehr und die Einsetzung von Generalunternehmern bei neuen Rüstungsprojekten". Bundeswehr und Ausrüstung: Die Beschaffung der Fahrzeugfamilien des Kampfpanzers LEOPARD 1 und des Schützenpanzers MARDER in den 1960er Jahren im Spannungsfeld zwischen Politik, Bundeswehr und Rüstungsindustrie (PDF) (Dr.) (in German). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. p. 175. doi:10.5282/edoc.19709.
  4. ^ "WiSENT 1 – THE UPGRADE FOR THE ARV 2 STANDARD". FFG Flensburger Fahrzeugbau GmbH. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance 2021. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781003177777. ISBN 978-1-03-201227-8. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 241415678.
  6. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2022). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-032-27900-8. ISSN 0459-7222.
  7. ^ "Military support for Ukraine | Federal Government". Website of the Federal Government | Bundesregierung. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Norway delivers 8 Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine". Euromaidan Press. 21 March 2023.
  9. ^ "Heavy weapons tracking sheet". Google Docs. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  10. ^ Oryx. "Attack On Europe: Documenting Ukrainian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". Oryx. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  11. ^ Mollison, Maj Y.M. (2016). "VEHICLE RECOVERY OPTIONS FOR 2016 TO 2025" (PDF). Canadian Forces College. Retrieved 11 November 2022.