Battle of Hodów

Battle of Hodów
Part of the Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)
Date11 June 1694
Location
Hodów, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
Result Polish–Lithuanian victory
Belligerents

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate
Commanders and leaders
Konstanty Zaborowski
Mikołaj Tyszkowski
Jan Witosławski		 Unknown
Strength
100 Hussars
300 Towarzysz pancerny[1][2]		 40,000[2][3]–70,000
Casualties and losses
Fewer than 100[3][2] 1,000–2,000[2]

The Battle of Hodów took place between the Kingdom of Poland and Crimean Khanate forces, fought in June 1694 in the Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, near the village of Hodów (now in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine). Often it is called the Polish Thermopylae, like the Battle of Wizna.[4]

Prelude

In June 1694, Tatar Muslim forces raided Polish territory with the intention of pillaging the countryside for loot and capturing prisoners for ransom. The Polish forces sent to stop them consisted of seven banners of hussars and pancerni from the Trenches of the Holy Trinity (Okopy Świętej Trójcy) and The Redoubt of Virgin Mary (Szaniec Panny Marii) strongholds, approximately 400 men in total;[5] historian Mirosław Nagielski estimates 100 hussars and 300 pancerni.[2] Tatar numbers were estimated at 25,000 to 70,000, with 40,000 being the most commonly quoted figure.[6] John III Sobieski, the king of Poland at the time, also mentioned the figure of 40,000.[3]

Battle

The first encounter took place on the fields near Hodów. The 400-strong Polish cavalry charged the 700-strong Tatar vanguard and made them withdraw. Shortly afterwards the Polish forces retreated to Hodów due to overwhelming enemy numbers, and proceeded to fortify themselves using heavy wooden fences left there from earlier Tatar invasions. For the next 6 hours Polish troops resisted relentless Tatar attacks. Even after the Poles ran out of bullets, they continued to fire at the enemy, using Tatar arrowheads as improvised ammunition for their guns.[3]

Unable to defeat the Poles, the Tatars sent Polish-speaking Lipka Tatars to convince the Polish troops to surrender.[7] When the Polish commander replied "Come and get us if you can", the Tatars withdrew to Kamieniec Podolski and gave up on the entire raid, having gained nearly nothing and sustained humiliating troop losses despite a vast numerical advantage.

Aftermath

King John III Sobieski made use of the outstanding victory to raise army morale and paid generous compensation to those who lost their horses, financed treatment of wounded and rewarded those who captured enemy soldiers. In 1695, he also commissioned a statue commemorating the battle. The monument survived into modern times, was renewed in the summer of 2014 and was officially unveiled during the celebration of 320th anniversary of the battle on 25 October 2014.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ J.Wimmer. Materiały do zagadnienia organizacji i liczebności armii koronnej w latach 1690–1696. In: Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Wojskowości. 1963, tom IX/1, pp. 237–275.
  2. ^ a b c d e Mirosław Nagielski Hodów 1694-2014. Ostatnie zwycestwo husarii w dawnym stylu Bellona 1/2015, pp. 229–233
  3. ^ a b c d Sikora R., Niezwykłe bitwy i szarże husarii, Warszawa 2011.
  4. ^ Moneta, Marcin (21 August 2022). "Polskie Termopile. Ile prawdy, a ile mitu w "słynnym zwycięstwie husarii"?". CiekawostkiHistoryczne.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  5. ^ Sarnecki K., Pamiętniki z czasów Jana Sobieskiego, tom 1, opr. J. Woliński, Wrocław 2004.
  6. ^ Poznajemy. Bitwy polskie, Polen 2011.
  7. ^ Mała Encyklopedia Wojskowa, p.r. J. Bordziłowski, tom. 1, Warszawa 1967
  8. ^ Report from the celebration of the 320th anniversary of the Battle of Hodów and the unveiling of renewed monument of the Battle, Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Ukraine, 3.11.2014