Battle of Badgam

Battle of Badgam
Part of Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
Date3 November 1947
Location
Budgam district, Jammu and Kashmir
34°01′04″N 74°43′32″E / 34.0179°N 74.7256°E / 34.0179; 74.7256
Result
  • Tribal advance halted
Territorial
changes		 Jammu and Kashmir remained in Indian hands[4]
Belligerents
 India  Pakistan
Commanders and leaders
India Somnath Sharma †
India Dewan Singh †		 Pakistan Khurshid Anwar
Units involved
Indian Armed Forces
Flag of the Pakistani Army Tribal lashkars[6]
Strength
50–70 troops
Unknown amount of IAF Aircraft		 ~1,000 men
Casualties and losses
15–22 killed
26 wounded[7]		 200[8]–300[9] killed

The Battle of Badgam[10][11][12][13][14] was a defensive encounter that took place at Badgam in the Kashmir Valley close to the Srinagar Airport during the initial stages of the First Kashmir War. The skirmishes took place on 3 November 1947 between a company of the Indian Army, aided by Indian Air Force, and a tribal lashkar of Pakistani raiders numbering around 1000, who had apparently occupied Badgam. The battle drew its significance from the success of the solitary company of 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment, led by Major Somnath Sharma,[15][16] in halting the momentum of advancing tribal "Lashkars",[6] though being heavily outnumbered. Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously for his actions. The Indian Air Force served as an accompaniment to the army's efforts in the battle, contributing to the majority of the casualties inflicted on the Pakistani lashkars. However the tribal forces would successfully raid badgam and defeat the Indian company at badgam and later infiltrate towards shalateng north of Srinagar, with another desicive called Battle of Shalateng.[17]

Backdrop

The battle took place at a point when Indian troops had just begun their fly-in into Srinagar airfield during the opening stages of the war. The Lashkar were advancing along three axes – North of Wular lake, along the main Muzzafarabad-Baramula-Patan-Srinagar axis, and from Gulmarg. Along the Gulmarg route, a Lashkar of 700 raiders was known to be approaching Badgam but no contact had been made with it.[18]: 25–27  The Lashkar would soon be in a position to seize the airfield and block the induction of Indian troops by air. Alternatively, they could bypass the Patan defenses from the south and reach Srinagar unhindered.

At that moment, only a weak brigade of Indian troops, withdrawn from refugee protection duties in Punjab and hastily airlifted, stood between groups of tribal Lashkars advancing towards Srinagar. Indian troops were deployed only at Srinagar airfield, Magam and Pattan. A detachment of Mahraja's Bodyguard (State Forces cavalry) reconnoitered North of Wular Lake.[8]: 51–69 

Patrol plan

Brigadier L.P. Sen, newly arrived commander of 161 Infantry Brigade decided to send a strong fighting patrol to the hills overseeing Badgam village 5 km west of it. The task of the patrol was to search the area in the vicinity of Badgam and the area between Badgam and Magam for signs of the infiltrating Pakistanis. The patrol was to comprise two companies of the 4th battalion of the Kumaon Regiment (4 KUMAON), reinforced with a company from the regiment's 1st battalion (1 KUMAON). The 1 KUMAON company was tasked to patrol ahead of Badgam by bounds, and link up with 1st Battalion, Punjab Regiment (1 PUNJAB) at Magam after which it would return by road. If no contact was made, the 4 KUMAON companies would fall back one by one, vacating Badgam at 1400 hrs.[8]: 66–67 

Battle of Badgam

On 3 November 1947, Major Somnath Sharma, commanding D Company of 4 KUMAON, led the patrol. The patrol proceeded as planned without incident till the time came for withdrawing from Badgam. Sharma was ordered to fall back one company at a time, one company at 1400 hrs and he along with his company at 1500 hrs. At 1430 hrs, the movement of tribals was seen to the West and near Badgam village. Sharma correctly surmised the movement in Badgam village was meant to divert attention while the attack would come in from the west. The Lashkar attacked from the West. Sharma's company was soon surrounded by the enemy from three sides and sustained heavy casualties from the ensuing mortar bombardment. Sharma realized the importance of holding onto his position as both the city of Srinagar and the airport would be vulnerable if it were lost.

The Indian air forced played a major role in the battle, and caused the majority of Pakistani casualties.[5][page needed]

Under heavy fire and outnumbered seven to one,[18]: 27  he urged his company to fight bravely, often exposing himself to danger as he ran from post to post. Despite the forward two platoons falling, Sharma desperately clung to his position with the depth platoon.[19]

While he was busy fighting the enemy, a mortar shell exploded on the ammunition near him. His last message to Brigade HQ received a few moments before he was killed was:[18]: 28 [19]

"The enemies are only 50 yards from us. We are hopelessly outnumbered. I will not withdraw one inch but fight to the last man last round."

Spurred by his gallantry, Sepoy Dewan Singh Danu attacked the enemy fearlessly before losing his life. Dewan Singh was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra posthumously for inflicting at least 22 casualties.[20] At the end of the battle, Indian casualties were 15-22 killed including. Major Somnath Sharma and 26 wounded.[21] The resistance of 4 Kumaon had halted the Lashkar Tribal advance after taking heavy losses.The Lashkar tribal forces suffered heavy casualties. 200+ tribal forces killed along with their 2 officers, 2 JCOs and 320+ tribesman wounded.[22]

Brigadier Sen then ordered a reorganization of the defenses. 1 PUNJAB was ordered to vacate Magam immediately and fall back to Srinagar.

At Evening, troops of 1 Punjab were moved to Badgam. They occupied blocking positions to secure the airfield. Now at night they waited. The airfield was still vulnerable. Yet, the Lashkar tribal forces failed to make a good opportunity to capture the airfield. The reason being the Khurshid, the leader of Laskar was injured which dithered on further course of action.[12][23] Afterwards, 1 Punjab recaptured Badgam and secured the airfield and the remaining Lashkar tribal forces had to abandon their advance as heavy casualties occurred on their side.

Aftermath of battle

Despite heavy losses the company of 4 Kumaon under Major Somnath Sharma repelled the enemy advance.[13] For his courageous "last man, last round" stand, Maj Sharma[19] was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, Independent India's newly instituted highest award for gallantry.[24]

The fierce resistance of Sharma's company had caused 200 casualties to the raiders. Also, the tribal leader of the Lashkar had a bullet through his leg.[8]: 75  The Pakistani raiders made no attempt to exploit the vulnerabilities that night and move to the airfield or to Srinagar city. It is surmised that the incapacitation of the leader, the heavy losses, and reports of movement of 1 Punjab into the area had caused the Lashkar raiders to misjudge the tactical situation.[12] Later 1 Punjab recaptured Badgam securing airfield and caused the raiders to abandon their advance.[8]: 75  This also bought time for additional Indian troops to fly into the Srinagar airport the next day, reorganize and block all routes of ingress to Srinagar.[8]: 75 

References

  1. ^ Mallya, Sameer (Spring 2015). "The First Param Vir: Major Somnath Sharma" (PDF). scholar warrior. Retrieved 14 November 2024. The gallant actions of Maj Sharma and his men from 4 KUMAON successfully blunted the attack by the Pakistani raiders and provided the much needed time for the Indian Army to fortify defences around Srinagar, thus, enabling India to prevent Kashmir from falling into the hands of the enemy.
  2. ^ "Major Somnath Sharma PVC". Honourpoint. Retrieved 14 November 2024. By the time the relief company reached Badgam, their position was lost. However, the 200 casualties suffered by the raiders, slowed their advance, buying time for Indian troops to fly into Srinagar airfield and block all routes to Srinagar. It can be said that Major Somnath Sharma played a pivotal role in preventing the fall of Srinagar and perhaps even Kashmir.
  3. ^ Krishen Raina, Shiben. "Frontline Hero: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam". Good Morning Kashmir. Retrieved 14 November 2024. Lastly, though Major Somnath was martyred along with many of his comrades, he did not allow the tribals to move forward and capture the airstrip at Badgam, and thus Kashmir was saved from going into the hands of Pakistan.
  4. ^ Jain, Sanya (3 November 2020). "This Article is From Nov 03, 2020Tributes Pour In For Major Somnath Sharma On Battle Of Badgam Day". NDTV. Retrieved 14 November 2024. Pakistani infiltrators were only 50 yards away when Major Somnath Sharma sent his iconic last message to the Brigade Headquarters. "We are heavily outnumbered... I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man," he said. Major Somnath Sharma died for the country on this day in 1947, while fighting infiltrators in Jammu and Kashmir.
  5. ^ a b Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7.
  6. ^ a b The term "lashkar" in this context means a group of a thousand tribals of one ethnicity from North West Frontier Province, armed by Pakistani Army and encouraged to infiltrate and raid Kashmir for booty.
  7. ^ Whitehead, Andrew (2007), A Mission in Kashmir, Penguin, p. 156, ISBN 978-0-670-08127-1
  8. ^ a b c d e f Sen, Maj Gen L. P. (1969). Slender Was the Thread: Kashmir Confrontation 1947–48. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 308. ISBN 0-86131-692-4. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  9. ^ Cardozo, Major General Ian (31 December 2003). Param Vir: Our Heroes in Battle. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5194-029-6. bodies of over 300 tribesmen were counted
  10. ^ "Defence of Srinagar 1947". Indian Defence Review. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  11. ^ Sen, Maj Gen L. P. (1969). Slender Was the Thread: Kashmir Confrontation 1947–48. New Delhi: Orient Longman. p. 308. ISBN 0-86131-692-4. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  12. ^ a b c Harpreet (3 November 2017). "Maj Somnath Sharma, PVC (P) and The Battle of Badgam". Harpreet's Blog. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  13. ^ a b "Battle of Budgam: Pakistanis Failed Effort to Secure Srinagar Airfield". Indian Defence Review. 11 November 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  14. ^ Ray, Ashis (25 March 2023). "1947 Indo-Pak war: what the Bucher papers show". Frontline. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  15. ^ "Major Somnath Sharma PVC – Honourpoint". Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Frontline Hero: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam". hindupost.in. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  17. ^ Amin, Agha (18 March 2017). The 14 Month Battles for Kashmir: The Longest and Least Read and Known Indo Pak War Fought Over a Vast Area. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5447-3836-9. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Here they successfully raided and dispersed an Indian infantry company inflicting in the process an extremely heavy loss on the Indians in terms of men killed including the Indian Company commander Major Somnath Sharma18.
  18. ^ a b c Sinha, Lt. Gen. S.K. (1977). Operation Rescue:Military Operations in Jammu & Kashmir 1947–49. New Delhi: Vision Books. p. 174. ISBN 81-7094-012-5. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  19. ^ a b c "Tributes Pour In For Major Somnath Sharma On Battle Of Badgam Day". NDTV.com. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Mahavir Chakra (MVC), Awardee: Sep Dewan Singh, MVC @ TWDI". twdi.in. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  21. ^ Raina, Dr Shiben Krishen (14 August 2023). "Frontline Hero: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam". Daily Good Morning Kashmir. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Major Somnath Sharma – First Param Vir Chakra Awardee | India of the Past". www.indiaofthepast.org. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  23. ^ Kumar, Bharat (2014). An incredible war: Indian Air Force in Kashmir War 1947–1948 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: KW Publishers in association with Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-93-81904-52-7.
  24. ^ Entry on "Maj Somnath Sharma, PVC (Posthumous)" on Indian Army website. Accessed 6 August 2010.