The community is in southeastern Frederick County, bordered to the north by Maryland Route 144 (Old National Pike), to the east by Ijamsville Road, and to the west by the Monocacy River. Via MD 144, the city of Frederick is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the west.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Bartonsville CDP has a total area of 2.64 square miles (6.84 km2), of which 2.61 square miles (6.76 km2) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km2), or 1.11%, is water.[3]