Barratt Impulsiveness Scale

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a widely used measure of impulsiveness. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors (attention, motor, self-control, cognitive complexity, perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).[1]

The BIS is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits.[2] As of June 2008, Web of Knowledge (an academic citation indexing and search service) tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the United States,[1] the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including Australia,[3] Belgium,[4] Brazil,[5] Canada,[6] China,[7] Estonia,[8] France,[9] Germany,[10] Greece,[11] Israel,[12] Italy,[13] Japan,[14] Korea,[15] Netherlands,[16] Scotland,[17] Spain,[18] Switzerland,[19] Taiwan,[20] Turkey,[citation needed] and the United Kingdom.[21]

The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959.[22] The current version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.[1]

Scoring

The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that is scored to yield a total score, three second-order factors, and six first-order factors. The questions are published in the 1995 references article. The following is a list of the items contributing to each factor score.[2]

Second-order factors Item content
Attentional: 5, 6, 9*, 11, 20*, 24, 26, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30*
Nonplanning: 1*, 7*, 8*, 10*, 12*, 13*, 14, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
First-order factors Item content
Attention: 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 17, 19, 22, 25
Self-Control: 1*, 7*, 8*, 12*, 13*, 14
Cognitive Complexity: 10*, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
Perseverance: 16, 21, 23, 30*
Cognitive Instability: 6, 24, 26

Validity

Patton et al. reported internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, substance-abuse patients, general psychiatric patients, and prison inmates.[1]

Modified versions

Short versions of the BIS-11 have been developed. The BIS-15 developed by Spinella[23] includes 15 of the original 30-item BIS-11 and has been used in several other languages such as German,[24] Spanish,[25] French,[26] Thai,[27] and Kannada.[28] There is also an Italian version who has been labelled BIS-15 developed by Maggi and colleagues[29] but shares only 12 items with Spinella's BIS-15.[30] The BIS-Brief includes eight items of the original 30-item BIS-11.[31]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Patton, J.H.; Stanford, M.S.; Barratt, E.S. (November 1995). "Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51 (6): 768–74. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 8778124.
  2. ^ a b "BIS 11". International Society for Research on Impulsivity website. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
  3. ^ Gomez, R.; Cooper, A.; Gomez, A. (August 2000). "Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories". Personality and Individual Differences. 29 (2): 351–65. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00198-1.
  4. ^ Dom, G.; Hulstijn, W.; Sabbe, B. (February 2006). "Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics". Addictive Behaviors. 31 (2): 298–308. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.009. PMID 15949898.
  5. ^ Martins, S.S.; Tavares, H.; da Silva Lobo, D.S.; Galetti, A.M.; et al. (August 2004). "Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors". Addictive Behaviors. 29 (6): 1231–5. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.023. PMID 15236828.
  6. ^ Steiger, H.; Koerner, N.; Engelberg, M.J.; Israël, M.; Ng Ying Kin, N.M.; Young, S.N. (August 2001). "Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa". Psychiatry Research. 103 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00264-5. PMID 11472787. S2CID 38802028.
  7. ^ Yao, S.; Yang, H.; Zhu, X.; Auerbach, R.P.; et al. (June 2007). "An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 104 (3c): 1169–82. doi:10.2466/pms.104.4.1169-1182. PMID 17879649. S2CID 41734476.
  8. ^ Paaver, M.; Nordquist, N.; Parik, J.; Harro, M.; et al. (November 2007). "Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing". Psychopharmacology. 194 (4): 545–54. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z. PMID 17628790. S2CID 21084296.
  9. ^ Lejoyeux, M.; Feuché, N.; Loi, S.; Solomon, J.; et al. (November 1998). "Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation seeking and not to impulsivity". Psychiatry Research. 81 (2): 149–55. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00103-6. PMID 9858032. S2CID 25470665.
  10. ^ Cima, M.; Merckelbach, H.; Hollnack, S.; Knauer, E. (2003). "Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia". Personality and Individual Differences. 35 (2): 373–80. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00199-X.
  11. ^ Giotakos, O.; Markianos, M.; Vaidakis, N.; Christodoulou, G.N. (2003). "Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 29 (3): 215–25. doi:10.1080/00926230390155113. PMID 12851126. S2CID 24401527.
  12. ^ Glicksohn, J.; Leshem, R.; Aharoni, R. (January 2006). "Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (2): 261–71. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.003.
  13. ^ Fossati, A.; Di Ceglie, A.; Acquarini, E.; Barratt, E.S. (June 2001). "Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) in nonclinical subjects". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57 (6): 815–28. doi:10.1002/jclp.1051. PMID 11344467.
  14. ^ Someya, T.; Sakado, K.; Seki, T.; Kojima, M.; et al. (April 2001). "The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS-11): Its reliability and validity". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 55 (2): 111–4. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00796.x. PMID 11285088. S2CID 21102195.
  15. ^ Hong, S.; Jang, H. (December 2004). "Segmentation of early casino markets: An exploratory study". Tourism Management. 25 (6): 801–5. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.002.
  16. ^ Bekker, M.H.J.; van de Meerendonk, C.; Mollerus, J. (December 2004). "Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self-perceived emotional eating". International Journal of Eating Disorders. 36 (4): 461–9. doi:10.1002/eat.20041. PMID 15558635.
  17. ^ Cairns, J.; van der Pol, M. (June 2004). "Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments". Social Science & Medicine. 58 (11): 2211–18. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.021. PMID 15047078.
  18. ^ Baca-Garcia, E.; Vaquero, C.; Diaz-Sastre, C.; Garcı́a-Resa, E.; et al. (April 2004). "Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers". Psychiatry Research. 126 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.10.007. PMID 15123389. S2CID 8905078.
  19. ^ Billieux, J.; Rochat, L.; Rebetez, M.M.L.; Van der Linden, M. (April 2008). "Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?". Personality and Individual Differences. 44 (6): 1432–42. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.011.
  20. ^ Ray Li, C.S.; Chen, S.H.; Lin, W.H.; Yang, Y.Y. (2005). "Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 39 (2): 197–205. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.003. PMID 15589569.
  21. ^ Cleare, A.J.; Bond, A.J. (March 2000). "Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression". Psychopharmacology. 148 (4): 344–9. doi:10.1007/s002130050061. PMID 10928305. S2CID 11084318.
  22. ^ Stanford, Matthew S.; Mathias, Charles W.; Dougherty, Donald M.; Lake, Sarah L.; Anderson, Nathaniel E.; Patton, Jim H. (2009-10-01). "Fifty years of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: An update and review". Personality and Individual Differences. 47 (5): 385–395. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.008. ISSN 0191-8869. S2CID 144156880.
  23. ^ Spinella, Marcello (January 2007). "Normative Data and a Short Form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale". International Journal of Neuroscience. 117 (3): 359–368. doi:10.1080/00207450600588881. ISSN 0020-7454. PMID 17365120. S2CID 3165159.
  24. ^ Meule, Adrian; Vögele, Claus; Kübler, Andrea (July 2011). "Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – Kurzversion (BIS-15)". Diagnostica (in German). 57 (3): 126–133. doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000042. ISSN 0012-1924.
  25. ^ Orozco-Cabal, Luis; Rodríguez, Maritza; Herin, David V.; Gempeler, Juanita; Uribe, Miguel (2010-03-01). "Validity and Reliability of the Abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in Spanish (BIS-15S)*". Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 39 (1): 93–109. doi:10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60239-0. ISSN 0034-7450. PMC 2996610. PMID 21152412.
  26. ^ Rousselle, P.; Vigneau, F. (2016-11-01). "Adaptation et validation d'une version brève en langue française du questionnaire d'impulsivité de Barratt (BIS-15)". European Review of Applied Psychology (in French). 66 (6): 317–324. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2016.05.001. ISSN 1162-9088.
  27. ^ Juneja, R.; Chaiwong, W.; Siripool, P.; Mahapol, K.; Wiriya, T.; Shannon, J.S.; Petchkrua, W.; Kunanusont, C.; Marriott, L.K. (February 2019). "Thai adaptation and reliability of three versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS 11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief)". Psychiatry Research. 272: 744–755. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.173. PMID 30832195. S2CID 73514603.
  28. ^ Bhat, Naseer A.; Roopesh, Bangalore N.; Bhaskarapillai, Binukumar; Benegal, Vivek (October 2018). "Validation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale- short form among Indian adolescents". Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 37: 172–177. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.10.009. PMID 30308462. S2CID 52965317.
  29. ^ Maggi, Gianpaolo; Altieri, Manuela; Ilardi, Ciro Rosario; Santangelo, Gabriella (2022-08-01). "Validation of a short Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) in non-clinical subjects: psychometric properties and normative data". Neurological Sciences. 43 (8): 4719–4727. doi:10.1007/s10072-022-06047-2. ISSN 1590-3478. PMC 9349262. PMID 35403939.
  30. ^ Meule, Adrian (2023-06-02). "Sorting the confusion about the numerous versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale". Neurological Sciences. doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06907-5.
  31. ^ Steinberg, Lynne; Sharp, Carla; Stanford, Matthew S.; Tharp, Andra Teten (March 2013). "New tricks for an old measure: The development of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–Brief (BIS-Brief)". Psychological Assessment. 25 (1): 216–226. doi:10.1037/a0030550. ISSN 1939-134X. PMID 23148649.