Aulacophora

Aulacophora
Aulacophora nigripennis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Polyphaga
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Chrysomelidae
Subfamily: Galerucinae
Tribe: Luperini
Subtribe: Aulacophorina
Genus: Aulacophora
Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836
Type species
Galleruca quadraria
(= Galleruca analis Weber, 1801)
Olivier, 1808
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Raphidopalpa Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836
  • Acutipalpa Rosenhauer, 1856
  • Rhaphidopalpa Rosenhauer, 1856
  • Ceratia Chapuis, 1876
  • Triaplatys Fairmaire, 1877
  • Cerania Weise, 1892
  • Orthaulaca Weise, 1892
  • Pachypalpa Weise, 1892
  • Sphaerarthra Weise, 1892

Aulacophora is a genus of beetles in the family Chrysomelidae, commonly known as pumpkin beetles; some species are pests of agricultural crops. The genus was named in 1836 by the French entomologist Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat, in Dejean's Catalogue des Coléoptères. The name, from Ancient Greek, signifies "furrow-bearer"' from aulax, "furrow".

Description

Beetles in this genus are oval insects up to about 8 mm (0.3 in) long and can be recognised by their presence on the host plant.[3]

Distribution

Pumpkin beetles are found in Africa, Asia and Australasia. Some of the more important pest species are A. foveicollis from Africa, Europe and Asia, A. similis from southern and southeastern Asia, A. coffeae from Malaysia, A. flavomarginata from Malaysia and Indonesia, A. femoralis from Myanmar and Vietnam, A. lewisii from Malaysia and Vietnam, and A. frontalis from Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.[4]

Hosts

Beetles in this genus feed on members of the family Cucurbitaceae including cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons, gourds and squashes.[3]

Life cycle

The eggs, which are yellow, are laid in batches of up to five in the soil at the base of cucurbit plants. They hatch after eight to fifteen days and the larvae feed on the roots or tunnel into them, feeding for eighteen to thirty-five days and passing through four instar stages. They are creamy white at first but have turned yellowish-orange by the time they pupate in chambers in the ground. The adult beetles emerge after from four to fourteen days. They are strong fliers and disperse to other plants. The adult beetles may live for up to ten months and each female can lay in the order of five hundred eggs, so there can be several overlapping generations of beetles.[3][4]

Damage

Adult pumpkin beetles feed on the foliage and flowers of the host plants; seedlings may be destroyed by heavy attacks and young plants may be severely affected. Several beetles may cluster on a single leaf, leaving other leaves untouched. The beetles feed between the veins, often cutting and removing circular discs which they then eat.[3] The larvae tunnel into the roots, which become swollen, discoloured and distorted, and the plant may die.[4]

Species

The following species have been described:[5][1][6][7]

The following poorly described species are considered nomina dubia:[7]

  • Aulacophora artensis (Montrouzier, 1861) (from New Caledonia, possibly synonym of Aulacophora abdominalis (Fabricius, 1781) or Aulacophora deplanchei (Perroud, 1864), type material probably lost)
  • Aulacophora flavescens (Montrouzier, 1855) (from both Woodlark Island and San Cristoval Island, possibly a species of the Aulacophora indica species complex)
  • Aulacophora flaviola (Boisduval, 1835) (from New Guinea, not identifiable to genus)
  • Aulacophora punctata (Boisduval, 1835) (from New Guinea, not identifiable to genus)
  • Aulacophora scutellata (Boisduval, 1835) (from the "Pacific Ocean", possibly a synonym of Candezea palustris (Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864))

The following are now synonyms of other species:

References

  1. ^ a b Beenen, R. (2010). "Galerucinae Latreille, 1802". In Löbl, I.; Smetana, A. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 6. Chrysomeloidea. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books. pp. 443–491. ISBN 978-87-88757-84-2.
  2. ^ Bousquet, Yves; Bouchard, Patrice (2013). "The genera in the second catalogue (1833–1836) of Dejean's Coleoptera collection". ZooKeys (282): 1–219. doi:10.3897/zookeys.282.4401. PMC 3677338. PMID 23794836.
  3. ^ a b c d "Pumpkin beetle" (PDF). Pacific Pests and Pathogens Fact Sheet. PestNet. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Muniappan, R. (2012). Arthropod Pests of Horticultural Crops in Tropical Asia. CABI. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-84593-951-9.
  5. ^ "Synopsis of the described Coleoptera of the World". Joe Hallan's Biology Catalogue. Archived from the original on 2014-12-30.
  6. ^ Lee, C.-F.; Beenen, R. (2015). "Revision of the genus Aulacophora from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)". Zootaxa. 3949 (2): 151–190. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3949.2.1. PMID 25947800.
  7. ^ a b Reid, Chris; Halling, Luke; Beatson, Max (2021). "Revision of the Australopapuan and West Pacific species of plain pumpkin beetles, the Aulacophora indica species-complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)". Zootaxa. 4932 (1): zootaxa.4932.1.1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4932.1.1. PMID 33756812. S2CID 232338962.