Genus of snakes
Atractus genus of colubrid ground snakes in the subfamily Dipsadinae . The genus includes more than 140 distinct species .[ 2]
Geographic range
Snakes of the genus Atractus are endemic to Central and South America .[ 1]
Description
In the genus Atractus the maxilla is short, with 8–12 teeth; the maxillary and mandibular teeth decrease in size posteriorly. The head is not distinct from the neck. The eye is small, with a round or subelliptic pupil. The nostril is between two nasal scales . The preocular is usually absent, and the loreal and prefrontal scales enter the orbit. The body is cylindrical. The dorsal scales are smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows. The ventral scales are rounded. The tail can be either short or rather long. The subcaudals are paired.[ 1]
Reproduction
The genus Atractus is oviparous .[ 3]
Species
The following species are recognized as being valid.[ 3]
Nota bene binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Atractus .
Atractus aboiporu Melo-Sampaio , Passos , Fouquet , Prudente & Torres-Carvajal , 2019Atractus acheronius Passos, Rivas & Barrio-Amorós [fr ] , 2009 Atractus akerios Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021 Atractus albuquerquei Cunha & Nascimento , 1983[ 4] Atractus alphonsehogei Cunha & Nascimento, 1983 – Alphonse's ground snakeAtractus altagratiae Passos & Fernandes , 2008 Atractus alytogrammus G. Köhler & Kieckbusch , 2014Atractus andinus Prado , 1944Atractus apophis Passos & J.D. Lynch , 2010 Atractus arangoi Prado, 1940 – brown ground snake, big ground snakeAtractus atlas Passos, Scanferla , Melo-Sampaio, Brito & Almendariz , 2018 – atlas ground snakeAtractus atratus Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010 Atractus attenuatus Myers [fr ] & Schargel , 2006Atractus avernus Passos et al., 2009 Atractus ayeush Esqueda , 2011Atractus badius (F. Boie , 1827) – Boie's ground snakeAtractus biseriatus Prado, 1941 – two-lined ground snake[ 5] Atractus bocki F. Werner , 1909Bock's ground snake[ 6] : 28 Atractus bocourti Boulenger , 1894Bocourt's ground snake[ 7] [ 6] : 29 Atractus boimirim Passos, Prudente & J.D. Lynch, 2016 Atractus boulengerii Peracca , 1896Atractus caete Passos et al., 2010 Atractus careolepis G. Köhler & Kieckbusch, 2014 Atractus carrioni Parker , 1930Atractus caxiuana Prudente & Santos-Costa , 2006 Atractus cerberus Arteaga et al., 2017[ 8] Atractus charitoae Silva Haad , 2004Atractus chthonius Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010 Atractus clarki Dunn & Bailey [fr ] , 1939Atractus collaris Peracca, 1896 – collared ground snakeAtractus crassicaudatus (A.M.C. Duméril , Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril , 1854) – thickhead ground snakeAtractus dapsilis Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019 Atractus darienensis Myers, 2003 Atractus depressiocellus Myers, 2003 Atractus discovery Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira, & Guayasamin, 2022 Atractus duboisi (Boulenger, 1880) Atractus duidensis Roze , 1961Atractus dunni Savage , 1955Atractus echidna Passos et al., 2009 Atractus ecuadorensis Savage, 1955 – Ecuadorean ground snakeAtractus edioi da Silva et al., 2005Atractus elaps (Günther , 1858) – black ground snakeAtractus emigdioi Gonzalez-Sponga [fr ] , 1971Atractus emmeli (Boettger , 1888) – Emmel's ground snake, Boettger's ground snakeAtractus eriki Esqueda, La Marca & Bazó , 2007 Atractus erythromelas Boulenger, 1903 – red-black ground snakeAtractus esepe Arteaga et al., 2017 – indistinct ground snake[ 8] Atractus favae (de Filippi , 1840) – Filippi's ground snakeAtractus flammigerus (F. Boie, 1827) – flaming ground snakeAtractus franciscopaivai Silva Haad, 2004 Atractus francoi Passos et al., 2010 Atractus fuliginosus (Hallowell , 1845) – Hallowell's ground snakeAtractus gaigeae Savage, 1955 – Gaige's ground snakeAtractus gigas Myers & Schargel, 2006 – giant ground snakeAtractus guentheri (Wucherer , 1861) – Günther's ground snakeAtractus heliobelluomini Silva Haad, 2004 Atractus heyeri Esqueda & McDiarmid , 2015 Atractus hoogmoedi Prudente & Passos, 2010 Atractus hostilitractus Myers, 2003 Atractus imperfectus Myers, 2003 Atractus indistinctus Prado, 1940 – indistinct ground snakeAtractus insipidus Roze, 1961 Atractus iridescens Peracca , 1896Atractus lancinii Roze, 1961 – Lancini's ground snakeAtractus lasallei Amaral , 1931Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) – broadhead ground snakeAtractus lehmanni Boettger, 1898 – Lehmann's ground snakeAtractus loveridgei Amaral, 1930 – Loveridge's ground snakeAtractus macondo Passos, J.D. Lynch & Fernandes, 2009 Atractus maculatus (Günther, 1858) – spotted ground snakeAtractus major Boulenger, 1894 – brown ground snakeAtractus manizalesensis Prado, 1940 Atractus mariselae Lancini, 1969 – Marisela's ground snakeAtractus marthae Meneses-Pelayo & Passos, 2019Atractus matthewi Markezich & Barrio-Amorós, 2004Atractus medusa Passos et al., 2009 Atractus melanogaster F. Werner , 1916Atractus melas Boulenger, 1908 – dark ground snakeAtractus meridensis Esqueda & La Marca, 2005 Atractus michaelsabini Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira, & Guayasamin, 2022 Atractus micheleae Esqueda & La Marca, 2005 Atractus microrhynchus (Cope , 1868) Atractus mijaresi Esqueda & La Marca , 2005Atractus modestus Boulenger, 1894 – modest ground snakeAtractus multicinctus (Jan , 1865) – banded ground snakeAtractus multidentatus Passos, Rivas & Barrio-Amorós, 2009 Atractus nasutus Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009 Atractus natans Hoogmoed [fr ] & Prudente, 2003Atractus nawa Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021 Atractus nicefori Amaral, 1930 – northern ground snakeAtractus nigricauda Schmidt & Walker , 1943Atractus nigriventris Amaral, 1933 – black-ventered ground snakeAtractus obesus Marx , 1960Atractus obtusirostris F. Werner, 1916 – bignose ground snakeAtractus occidentalis Savage, 1955 – western ground snakeAtractus occipitoalbus (Jan, 1862) – gray ground snakeAtractus ochrosetrus Esqueda & La Marca, 2005 Atractus oculotemporalis Amaral, 1932 – Hispanic ground snakeAtractus orcesi Savage, 1955 Atractus pachacamac Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021 Atractus paisa Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009 Atractus pamplonensis Amaral, 1937 – Pamplona ground snakeAtractus pantostictus Fernandes & Puorto , 1993 Atractus paraguayensis F. Werner, 1924 Atractus paucidens Despax , 1910Atractus pauciscutatus Schmidt & Walker, 1943 – little-scaled ground snakeAtractus paulus Melo-Sampaio & Venegas, 2023 Atractus peruvianus (Jan, 1862) – Peru ground snakeAtractus poeppigi (Jan, 1862) – basin ground snakeAtractus potschi Fernandes, 1995 Atractus punctiventris Amaral, 1933 – pointed ground snakeAtractus resplendens F. Werner, 1901 – resplendent ground snakeAtractus reticulatus (Boulenger, 1885) – reticulate ground snakeAtractus riveroi Roze, 1961 – Rivero's ground snake[ 6] : 222 Atractus ronnie Passos, Fernandes & Borges-Nojosa , 2007 Atractus roulei Despax, 1910 – Roule's ground snake[ 6] : 227 Atractus sanctaemartae Dunn, 1946 – St. Marta's ground snakeAtractus sanguineus Prado, 1944 – bloody ground snakeAtractus savagei Salazar-Valenzuela , Torres-Carvajal & Passos, 2014Atractus schach (F. Boie, 1827) – Schach's ground snakeAtractus serranus Amaral, 1930 – Sao Paulo ground snakeAtractus snethlageae Cunha & Nascimento, 1983 Atractus spinalis Passos et al., 2013 Atractus steyermarki Roze, 1958 Atractus stygius Passos, Azevedo , Nogueira , Fernandes & Sawaya , 2019 Atractus surucucu Prudente, 2008 Atractus tamaensis Esqueda & La Marca, 2005 Atractus tamessari Kok [fr ] , 2006Atractus taphorni Schargel & García-Pérez , 2002 Atractus tartarus Passos, Prudente & J.D. Lynch, 2016 Atractus thalesdelemai Passos, Fernandes & Zanella , 2005 Atractus titanicus Passos, Fernandes & J.D. Lynch, 2009 Atractus torquatus (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – neckband ground snakeAtractus touzeti Schargel et al., 2013 Atractus trefauti Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Fouquet, Prudente & Torres-Carvajal, 2019 Atractus trihedrurus Amaral, 1926 – southern ground snakeAtractus trilineatus Wagler , 1828Atractus trivittatus Amaral, 1933 – three-banded ground snakeAtractus turikensis Barros , 2000Atractus typhon Passos et al., 2009 Atractus ukupacha Melo‐Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres‐Carvajal, 2021 Atractus variegatus Prado, 1942 – variegated ground snakeAtractus ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1905 – speckled ground snakeAtractus vertebralis Boulenger, 1904 – vertebral ground snakeAtractus vertebrolineatus Prado, 1941 – striped ground snakeAtractus vittatus Boulenger, 1894 Atractus wagleri Prado, 1945 – Wagler's ground snakeAtractus werneri Peracca, 1914 – Werner's ground snakeAtractus zebrinus (Jan, 1862) Atractus zgap Arteaga, Quezada, Vieira, & Guayasamin, 2022 Atractus zidoki Gasc & Rodriques , 1979
References
^ a b c Boulenger, GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ . London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). pp. xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX.^ Köhler, G ; Kieckbusch, M (2014). "Two new species of Atractus from Colombia (Reptilia, Squamata, Dipsadidae)" (PDF) . Zootaxa 3872 (3): 291– 300. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.3872.3.5 . PMID 25544086 .^ a b Genus Atractus The Reptile Database
^ Costa GC (2010). "Atractus albuquerquei " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 : e.T176349A7223432. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T176349A7223432.en ^ Arredondo, J.C. ; Daza, J.; Gutierrez, P. (2015). "Atractus biseriatus " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 : e.T176350A44948201. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T176350A44948201.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021 .^ a b c d Beolens, Bo ; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5 ^ Aguilar, C. ; Ines Hladki, A. ; Lehr, E. ; Ramírez Pinilla, M. ; Urbina, N. (2016). "Atractus bocourti " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 : e.T176351A44878165. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T176351A44878165.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021 .^ a b Arteaga A , Mebert K , Valencia JH , Cisneros-Heredia DF , Peñafiel N , Reyes-Puig C , Vieira-Fernandes JL , Guayasamin JM (2017). "Molecular Phylogeny of Atractus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa". Zookeys 661 : 91-123. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11224
Further reading
Freiberg M (1982). Snakes of South America . Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications. 189 pp. ISBN 0-87666-912-7 . (Genus Atractus , pp. 89–92).Passos P , Fernandes R , Bérnils RS , Moura-Leite JC de (2010). "Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipdadidae)". Zootaxa 2364 : 1-63.Wagler [JG] (1828). "Auszüge aus seinem [sic] Systema Amphibiorum ". Isis von Oken 21 : 740-744. (Atractus , new genus, pp. 741–742). (in German and Latin).
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