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Asia Television Network
The Asian Television Network (ATN) was the first[1] independent television channel in India. ATN broadcast by satellite and was owned by businessman Siddharta Srivastava. HistoryAlthough Siddharta Srivastava's experience with cable networks dates from 1982,[2] ATN was founded in November 1991 using the Russian Gorizont Statsionar-41 satellite to broadcast its signals.[3] Alliances with film producers enabled the channel to build its back catalog of over 2,000 Bollywood feature films and 10,000 film songs, as well as hundreds of films in other regional languages.[2] Broadcasts started in August 1992, weeks ahead of Subhash Chandra Bose's Zee TV. The launch and development of the channel were hampered by problems from cable operators, who had to install a second satellite dish to receive its programming, which aired only a few hours at night. The launch of Zee TV saw its potential to be wasted, but it had quickly gained a foothold of eight million viewers, over two channels on the Russian satellite, by January 1994.[4] In 1993, ATN started housing the Tamil-language satellite network Sun TV after receiving a rejection from Zee TV for an afternoon slot.[1] In early 1994, ATN was structured thusly:
ATN also planned to air Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam services over two further channels.[5] ATN's existence was very unstable, and in 1995, its channels were taken off the air, resuming its broadcasts in mid-1996. This time, the channel had moved to PanAmSat's PAS-4 satellite, enabling a wider audience reach of 77% of India's population, compared to Zee TV's 85% and Star TV's 82%.[4] The migration from Gorizont to PAS-4 was rooted in non-payment dues to the Russian company, estimated to have been of nearly US$1 million as of April 1996.[6] At the time of resumption (July 1996), Srivastava promised a new version of the channel.[7] Still in 1995, ATN received a warning from Mumbai cable movie tycoon Dharubai Shah, under the grounds that it infringed cable rights, as ATN promised 21 movies free-to-air. The scandal erupted when Shah was also involved in a conflict with the newly launched Zee Cinema.[8][9] Original programming during the second half of the 1990s included Superhit Hungama, Maine Dekha, Gune Dekha, Movie Magic, Starana, Tarana, Chill-Out Zone, Right On, Andaz Apna Apna, Once More, Sitaron Ke Sang, Mere Geet, Geet Mala, Gunjan, and a half-hour Hindi news bulletin. ATN also planned to diversify its businesses, by entering the audio cassette and film production business; the latter had involvement from two leading US studios.[2] References
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