Arne Magnéli

Arne Magnéli
Born(1914-12-06)6 December 1914
Stockholm, Sweden
Died22 July 1996(1996-07-22) (aged 81)
Stockholm, Sweden
EducationStockholm University
Uppsala University
Scientific career
InstitutionsStockholm University
Doctoral advisorGunnar Hägg
Other academic advisorsArne Westgren

Arne Magnéli (6 December 1914 – 22 July 1996) was a Swedish chemist and crystallographer known for his work on the structure determination of transition metal oxides and alloys, including the study into their homologous series and nonstoichiometric phenomenon.[1]

Education and career

Magnéli studied at Stockholm University and graduated with a Licentiate in 1941. He moved to Uppsala University to conduct his graduate research under Gunnar Hägg, obtaining his PhD in 1950 for the study on tungsten bronzes. He took up a teaching position at Stockholm University in 1953, and later became the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at the university until his retirement in 1980.[1]

From his research into the structures of transition metal oxides, Magnéli developed the concept of recurrent dislocations,[2] which nowadays is known as crystallographic shear.[3][4] The Magnéli phases of transition metal oxides, such as nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, and vanadium oxide are named after him.[5][6][7]

Honors and awards

Magnéli was awarded the Gregori Aminoff Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1989. He served as the secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physics from 1966 to 1973 and the Nobel Committee for Chemistry from 1966 to 1986.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Arne Magnéli (1914-1996)". www.iucr.org. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  2. ^ Magnéli, A. (1953). "Structures of the ReO3 -type with recurrent dislocations of atoms: 'homologous series' of molybdenum and tungsten oxides". Acta Crystallographica. 6 (6): 495–500. doi:10.1107/S0365110X53001381.
  3. ^ Magnéli, Arne (1979), "Non-stoichiometry and structural disorder in some families of inorganic compounds", Physical Chemistry, Elsevier, pp. 1261–1271, doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-022036-9.50011-1, ISBN 978-0-08-022036-9
  4. ^ Voskanyan, Albert A.; Navrotsky, Alexandra (26 July 2021). "Shear Pleasure: The Structure, Formation, and Thermodynamics of Crystallographic Shear Phases". Annual Review of Materials Research. 51 (1): 521–540. doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070720-013445.
  5. ^ Smith, J. R.; Walsh, F. C.; Clarke, R. L. (1998). "Electrodes based on Magnéli phase titanium oxides: the properties and applications of Ebonex® materials". Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 28 (10): 1021–1033. doi:10.1023/A:1003469427858.
  6. ^ Schwingenschlögl, U.; Eyert, V. (1 September 2004). "The vanadium Magnéli phases VnO2n-1". Annalen der Physik. 13 (9): 475–510. arXiv:cond-mat/0403689. doi:10.1002/andp.200410099.
  7. ^ Lee, Yun-Jae; Lee, Taehun; Soon, Aloysius (11 June 2019). "Phase Stability Diagrams of Group 6 Magnéli Oxides and Their Implications for Photon-Assisted Applications". Chemistry of Materials. 31 (11): 4282–4290. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01430.