Arimaddana

Arimaddana
အရိမဒ္ဒနာပူရ
Bagan
Temples in Bagan
Temples in Bagan
Arimaddana is located in Myanmar
Arimaddana
Arimaddana
Location of Bagan, Burma
Coordinates: 21°10′N 94°52′E / 21.167°N 94.867°E / 21.167; 94.867
CountryBurma
RegionMandalay Region
Founded22 March 750
Population
 • Ethnicities
Bamar
 • Religions
Theravada Buddhism
Time zoneUTC+6.30 (MST)

Arimardanna Pura (Burmese: အရိမဒ္ဒနာပူရ, pronounced [ʔəɹḭ maʔdənà pùɹa̰]; Sanskrit: अरिमर्दनपुर Arimardanapur, lit. 'Foe-crusher City') is the most famous classical name of the city of Bagan (Pagan), Myanmar. It means the "City that Tramples on Enemies."[1]

The Burmese chronicles do not agree on the foundation facts. The 16th century chronicle Yazawin Kyaw states that it was founded in 156 CE by King Pyusawhti.[2] The oldest chronicle Zatadawbon Yazawin says it was founded in 190 CE (Sunday, 15th waxing of Tagu 112 of Early Pyu calendar) by King Pyusawhti.[3] However, later standard chronicles of Toungoo and Konbaung dynasties, Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin respectively, state that the city was founded in 107 CE by King Thamoddarit, a scion of Sri Ksetra Kingdom.[4] The chronicles continue that King Thinli Kyaung I (r. 344–387) moved the palace to nearby Thiri Pyissaya.[5]

However, evidence indicates that the earliest human settlement in the Pagan region dates only from the mid-7th century CE.[6] Therefore, Zata's foundation date is probably based on the Burmese calendar, and the foundation date would be Sunday, 22 March 750.

References

  1. ^ Lieberman 2003: 91
  2. ^ Yazawin Kyaw 2010: 139
  3. ^ Zata 1960: 53
  4. ^ (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 132–133) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 187–188)
  5. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 139–141
  6. ^ Aung-Thwin 2005: 185

Bibliography

  • Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005). The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 9780824828868.
  • Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7.
  • Maha Thilawuntha, Shin (1928). Pe Maung Tin (ed.). Yazawin Kyaw (in Burmese) (4th printing, 2010 ed.). Yangon: Burma Research Society (original publisher), Ya-Pyei (4th printing).
  • Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.). Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1829–1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.