Genus of wasps
Aphytis genus of chalcid wasps in the family Aphelinidae . There are about 130 species.[ 1]
Description
Adults of this genus are less than a millimetre in length. They are usually yellowish or grayish in colour, sometimes mottled. In each antenna , the funicle is usually 3-segmented while the clava is 1-segmented. The pronotum is divided. The propodeum is relatively long and bears crenulae. The forewing has a well-defined linea calva.[ 2]
Ecology
Aphytis are ectoparasitoids of armoured scale insects (Diaspididae ).[ 2] [ 3] [ 3] [ 4]
Biological control
Various Aphytis species are used for biological control of armoured scales. Of these, the most polyphagous and widespread is A. chrysomphali , which has been reared from over 50 hosts.[ 5] A. melinus ,[ 3] A. lingnanensis [ 6] A. holoxanthus .[ 7]
Aphytis wasps can be harmed by pollutants in environments where they are used, such as insecticide residues[ 8] [ 9]
Species
Aphytis aberrans Prinsloo & Neser, 1994 Aphytis abnormis Howard, 1881 Aphytis acalcaratus Ren Hui, 1988 Aphytis acrenulatus DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis acutaspidis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis africanus Quednau, 1964 Aphytis alami Agarwal, 1964 Aphytis albus Li & Yang, 2004 Aphytis aligarhensis Hayat, 1998 Aphytis amazonensis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis angeloni Alec Arsène Girault , 1932 Aphytis angustus Compere, 1955 Aphytis anneckei DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis anomalus Compere, 1955 Aphytis antennalis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis aonidiae Mercet, 1911 Aphytis argenticorpus Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis australiensis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis azai Abd-Rabou, 2004 Aphytis bangalorensis Rosen & DeBach, 1986 Aphytis bedfordi Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis benassyi Fabres, 1978 Aphytis breviclavatus Huang, 1994 Aphytis capensis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis capillatus Howard, 1907 Aphytis caucasicus Chumakova, 1964 Aphytis cercinus Compere, 1955 Aphytis chilensis Howard, 1900 Aphytis chionaspis Ren Hui, 1988 Aphytis chrysomphali Mercet, 1912 Aphytis ciliatus Dodd, 1917 Aphytis cochereaui DeBach & Rosen 1976 Aphytis coheni DeBach, 1960 Aphytis columbi Alec Arsène Girault , 1932 Aphytis comperei DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis confusus DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis cornuaspis Huang, 1994 Aphytis costalimai Gomes 1942 Aphytis cylindratus Compere, 1955 Aphytis dealbatus Compere, 1955 Aphytis debachi Azim, 1963 Aphytis densiciliatus Huang, 1994 Aphytis desantisi DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis diaspidis Howard, 1881 Aphytis elongatus Huang, 1994 Aphytis equatorialis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis erythraeus Silvestri , 1915 Aphytis fabresi DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis faurei Annecke, 1964 Aphytis fioriniae Rosen & Rose, 1989 Aphytis fisheri DeBach, 1959 Aphytis funicularis Compere, 1955 Aphytis gordoni DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis griseus Quednau, 1964 Aphytis haywardi De Santis, 1948 Aphytis hispanicus Mercet, 1912 Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach, 1960 Aphytis huidongensis Huang, 1994 Aphytis hyalinipennis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis ignotus Compere, 1955 Aphytis immaculatus Compere, 1955 Aphytis japonicus DeBach & Azim, 1962 Aphytis keatsi Alec Arsène Girault , 1919 Aphytis landii Rosen & DeBach, 1986 Aphytis lepidosaphes Compere, 1955 Aphytis liangi Huang, 1994 Aphytis libanicus Traboulsi, 1969 Aphytis limonus Rust, 1915 Aphytis lindingaspis Huang, 1994 Aphytis lingnanensis Compere, 1955 Aphytis longicaudus Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis luteus Ratzeburg , 1852 Aphytis maculatipennis Dozier, 1933 Aphytis maculatipes Alec Arsène Girault , 1917 Aphytis maculatus Shafee, 1970 Aphytis maculicornis Masi, 1911 Aphytis mandalayensis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis manii Hayat, 1998 Aphytis margaretae DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis mashae Myartseva, 2004 Aphytis matruhi Abd-Rabou, 2004 Aphytis mazalae DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis melanostictus Compere, 1955 Aphytis melinus DeBach, 1959 Aphytis merceti Compere, 1955 Aphytis mimosae DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis minutissimus Alec Arsène Girault , 1913 Aphytis moldavicus Yasnosh, 1966 Aphytis mytilaspidis Le Baron, 1870 Aphytis neuter Yasnosh & Myartseva, 1971 Aphytis newtoni Alec Arsène Girault , 1913 Aphytis nigripes Compere, 1936 Aphytis notialis de Santis, 1965 Aphytis noumeaensis Howard, 1907 Aphytis obscurus DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis opuntiae Mercet, 1912 Aphytis paramaculicornis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis peculiaris Alec Arsène Girault , 1932 Aphytis perissoptroides Alec Arsène Girault , 1915 Aphytis perplexus Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis philippinensis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis phoenicis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis pilosus DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis pinnaspidis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis proclia Walker , 1839 Aphytis punctaticorpus Alec Arsène Girault , 1917 Aphytis quadraspidioti Li, 1996 Aphytis riyadhi DeBach, 1979 Aphytis rolaspidis DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis roseni DeBach & Gordh, 1974 Aphytis ruskini Alec Arsène Girault , 1915 Aphytis salvadorensis Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis sankarani Rosen & DeBach, 1986 Aphytis secundus Compere, 1936 Aphytis sensorius DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis setosus DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis simmondsiae DeBach, 1984 Aphytis simplex Zehntner, 1897 Aphytis stepanovi Yasnosh, 1995 Aphytis taylori Quednau, 1964 Aphytis testaceus Chumakova, 1961 Aphytis theae Cameron, 1891 Aphytis transversus Huang, 1994 Aphytis tucumani Rosen & DeBach, 1979 Aphytis ulianovi Alec Arsène Girault , 1932 Aphytis unaspidis Rose & Rosen, 1991 Aphytis unicus Huang, 1994 Aphytis vandenboschi DeBach & Rosen, 1976 Aphytis vastus Prinsloo & Neser, 1994 Aphytis vittatus Compere, 1925 Aphytis wallumbillae Alec Arsène Girault , 1924 Aphytis yanonensis DeBach & Rosen, 1982 Aphytis yasumatsui Azim, 1963
References
^ "Aphytis - Encyclopedia of Life" . eol.org . Retrieved 2023-07-03 .^ a b "Introduction to Aphytis" . www.faculty.ucr.edu . Retrieved 2023-07-03 .^ a b c "Aphytis (Aphytis melinus) – Biological Services, Australia" . www.biologicalservices.com.au . Retrieved 2023-07-03 .^ Bellows, T.S.; Van Driesche, R.G. (1999), "Life Table Construction and Analysis for Evaluating Biological Control Agents" , Handbook of Biological Control , Elsevier, pp. 199– 223, doi :10.1016/b978-012257305-7/50055-2 , ISBN 978-0-12-257305-7 , retrieved 2023-07-03 ^ CABI (2022-01-07). "Aphytis chrysomphali" . CABI Compendium . CABI Compendium. doi :10.1079/cabicompendium.6611 . ISSN 2958-3969 . ^ "Aphytis | Bugs For Bugs" . bugsforbugs.com.au . Retrieved 2023-07-03 .^ CABI (2022-01-07). "Aphytis holoxanthus" . CABI Compendium . CABI Compendium. doi :10.1079/cabicompendium.6621 . ISSN 2958-3969 . ^ Stauffer, Steve; Rose, Mike (1997), "Biological Control of Soft Scale Insects in Interior Plantscapes in the USA" , World Crop Pests , vol. 7, Elsevier, pp. 183– 205, doi :10.1016/s1572-4379(97)80083-8 , ISBN 978-0-444-82843-9 , retrieved 2023-07-03 ^ Letourneau, D.K.; Altieri, M.A. (1999), "Environmental Management to Enhance Biological Control in Agroecosystems" , Handbook of Biological Control , Elsevier, pp. 319– 354, doi :10.1016/b978-012257305-7/50061-8 , ISBN 978-0-12-257305-7 , retrieved 2023-07-03
