Anne Simmonds

Anne Simmonds
Born6 December 1927
Kohukohu
Died2 April 2010
Academic background
Alma materThe Correspondence School, Whangārei Girls' High School, University of Auckland, University of Otago, University of London
Thesis
  • The separation and identification of purines, pyrimidines and pyrazolopyrimidines in patients with gout treated with 4- hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine (Allopurinol) (1971)
Academic work
InstitutionsGuy's Hospital Medical School, Auckland City Hospital
Doctoral studentsDianne Webster

Hermione Anne Simmonds (6 December 1927 – 2 April 2010) was a New Zealand biochemist, who worked mostly in the United Kingdom. She was an expert in inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, publishing more than 400 papers and book chapters. Simmonds was a co-founder of the Purine and Pyrimidine Society, the Purine Metabolic Patients' Association and the Association of Researchers in Medical Science.

New Zealand

Simmonds was born on 6 December 1927 to Frederick Simmonds and Katherine Hermione Blundell, and was the middle of three sisters.[1][2] She was raised on a farm in Kohukohu in New Zealand. The farm was remote and her primary education was by correspondence, before she attended Whangārei Girls’ High School.[1] She studied organic chemistry, gaining a Bachelor of Science in 1948 and a Master of Science in 1949, both from the Auckland University College.[1] Simmonds also studied at the University of Otago.[2] Simmonds then worked in hospital laboratories in New Zealand and overseas. In the 1950s Simmonds travelled in Norway and North America with a friend, and then participated in an archaeological dig in Jordan in 1962, run by John Allegro, working on Dead Sea Scrolls. Simmonds was bitten by a camel and became seriously ill. She was rescued by a plane sent by King Hussain of Jordan, after a ham radio call for help, and spent a month in a hospital in Amman recovering.[1] Simmonds returned to New Zealand, and worked in Auckland Hospital renal unit. In 1963 she was asked to assist in the identification of crystals in an anaemic infant's urine. Simmonds identified them as orotate crystals, and the child was found to have hereditary orotic aciduria, a disorder caused by a decreased ability to synthesize pyrimidines.[1][3] This began Simmonds interest in pyrimidine metabolism, and she transferred to the biochemistry unit at Auckland Hospital, and began research to identify pyrimidines using anion exchange fractionation followed by thin layer chromatography.[1]

Career in England

In 1968 Simmonds joined the Wellcome Research Laboratories outside London.[1] While at Wellcome Simmonds completed a PhD titled The separation and identification of purines, pyrimidines and pyrazolopyrimidines in patients with gout treated with 4- hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine (Allopurinol) at the University of London.[4][1] In 1971 Simmonds was invited by Stewart Cameron and Rodney Graham to set up the Purine Research Laboratory at Guys Hospital Medical School.[3][1] Simmonds went on to publish more than 400 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on purine and pyrimidine metabolism and their metabolism in humans.[5] Simmonds collaborated with Francoise Roch-Ramel, and was friends with Gertrude Elion and George Hitchings through the Wellcome laboratory.[1]

Simmonds was a founding member of the Purine and Pyrimidine Society, and helped found the Purine Metabolic Patients' Association (PUMPA) in 1983.[5][2] She also advocated for better work conditions for medical researchers. She wrote to The Lancet and The Times about career prospects for young researchers, and went on to help found the Association of Researchers in Medical Science.[1]

Simmonds officially retired in May 2008, although she kept working. She died on 2 April 2010.[1]

Legacy

The international symposium held at Indiana University, Bloomington, in May 1994 was dedicated in Simmonds' honour.[1] The 2019 International Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man, held in Lyon, included an Anne Simmonds Memorial Lecture, which was given by Monika Löffler.[6] The dedication noted her "outstanding contributions to the identification and study of inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism".[6]

Selected works

Scholia has a profile for Anne Simmonds (Q130559575).

Books

  • Stone, T. W.; Simmonds, H. A. (31 March 1991). Purines: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Springer Dordrecht. p. 257. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3911-3. ISBN 978-0-7923-8925-5.
  • Grahame, R.; Simmmonds, H. A.; Carrey, E., eds. (2003). Gout—The "At Your Finger Tips" Guide. London: Class Publishers.

Journal articles

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Perrett, David (1 June 2010). "In memoriam: Dr. Hermione Anne Simmonds". Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. 29 (4–6): xii–vii. doi:10.1080/15257770.2010.498196. PMID 20544505.
  2. ^ a b c "Pushing the frontiers of medical research". NZ Herald. 20 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  3. ^ a b Micheli, Vanna; Sestini, Sylvia (December 2011). "Inborn Errors of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism: How Much We Owe to H. Anne Simmonds". Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 30 (12): 1233–1242. doi:10.1080/15257770.2011.608397. ISSN 1525-7770. PMID 22132980.
  4. ^ Simmonds, Hermione Anne (1971). The separation and identification of purines, pyrimidines and pyrazolopyrimidines in patients with gout treated with 4- hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine (Allopurinol) (PhD thesis). Guy's Hospital. Medical School, University of London.
  5. ^ a b "Anne Simmonds". The Times. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  6. ^ a b Löffler, Monika; Carrey, Elizabeth A.; Knecht, Wolfgang (2020). "The pathway to pyrimidines: The essential focus on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial enzyme coupled to the respiratory chain". Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. 39 (10–12): 1281–1305. doi:10.1080/15257770.2020.1723625. ISSN 1532-2335. PMID 32043431.