Andrei Miloradovich

Andrei Stepanovich Miloradovich
Born1727
Pozniki, Cossack Hetmanate
Died2 May 1796
Chernigov, Imperial Russia
Allegiance Russian Empire
Service / branchArmy
Years of service1747–1796
RankLieutenant General
WarsSeven Years' War
Russo-Turkish War
AwardsOrder of St. George
Order of St. Vladimir
Order of Saint Anna
Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky

Andrei Stepanovich Miloradovich (Russian: Андре́й Степа́нович Милора́дович; 1727–2 May 1796) was a Russian military leader, statesman and lieutenant general. He is the father of general Mikhail Miloradovich.

Biography

He was born in 1727 in the village of Pozniki in the Chornukhy (that became a centesimal town Lubensky Regiment of the Hetmanate). The Miloradovichs descended from an Eastern Orthodox Serbian family from Hum, in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, who rose to a station of prominent Bosnian Ottoman nobility of Sanjak of Herzegovina.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

The Russian branch of the Miloradovich family was established in 1715, when Mikhail Miloradovich (the first) (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Милорадовић), one of three brothers recruited by Peter I to incite rebellion against the Turks four years earlier, fled from Herzegovina to Russia and joined Peter's service as a colonel.[12][13] He was a commander of the Hadiach Regiment. Towards the end of Peter's reign he was imprisoned in connection with Pavlo Polubotok's treason case, but was spared from further misfortune by Peter's death. His grandson Andrey served thirty years in the Russian Army and later moved into civil administration as the Governor of Little Russia and the Chernigov governorate.[12] After graduating from the Kiev Theological Academy, he entered the military service in Little Russia, and in 1747 he received the title of ensign; in 1749, he was promoted to a lieutenant of a Life Guards company.[14] The Seven Years' War with Prussia from 1756 until 1762 gave Miloradovich a chance to show his courage, and gain several ranks on the field of honor, particularly in the battles of Kay, Kunersdorf and the Siege of Kolberg. In 1771 during the Russo Turkish War Brigadier Miloradovich, fighting under the command of Pyotr Rumyantsev, distinguished himself in the very first campaign.[15] Rumyantsev's 1800 infantry soldiers and 300 Cossacks crossed the Danube and defeated a Turkish force of 7,000 at Măcin in the Dobrudja region of Romania. Rumyantsev, in his report to Empress Catherine II, wrote the following about the battle:

"... Major General Miloradovich, first with light actions that served to draw attention to himself, gained surface over the enemy at the town of Măcin, and on the 21st, having crossed to the fertile shore with his corps, attacked the enemy in their encampment at Măcin, ousted them, captured the town and a significant number of guns."

For this conspicuous act, Miloradovich was awarded the Order of Saint Anna, 1st degree and Empress Catherine II even reported the fact in her letters to Voltaire with whom she often corresponded.[16][17]

Alexander Suvorov, Semyon Petrovich Ozerov [ru] (1725-1807) and Miloradovich stood out as heroes of the Battle of Kozludzha in 1773; the defeat of the Turks was complete.[18] As a reward for his brave actions in the war of 1771-1774, Miloradovich received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree (No. 44) on 10 July 1775. In addition, he was given the Voronki village in the Gorodishchensky centesimal Lubensky regiment.[19] In 1779, Miloradovich was promoted to lieutenant general and soon was appointed the governor of the newly-established Chernigov Governorate, which he ruled for more than fifteen years, but the governorship existed for a relatively short time and was replaced by the establishment of Little Russia. In 1786 he was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd degree and the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky.

He died on 2 May 1796 in Chernigov, and was buried in the Yeletskyi Dormition Monastery.[20]

The Miloradović noble family is listed in the nobility of the Russian Empire.[21]

Awards and decorations

See also

References

  • Translated and adapted from Russian Wikipedia.
  1. ^ Fine, John V. A. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 487. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Sarajevu, Nova Serija, Sv. VII (1952), VIII (1953), IX (1954), X (1955), XI (1956)" (PDF). Historijski zbornik (in Serbo-Croatian). IX (1–4). Školska knjiga: 234–235. 1956.
  3. ^ Vego, Marko (1957). Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. pp. 127–129.
  4. ^ Bešlagić, Šefik (1971). Stećci i njihova umjetnost (in Serbo-Croatian). Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika. p. 101.
  5. ^ Lovrenović, Dubravko (2013). Stećci: Bosansko i humsko mramorje srednjeg vijeka [Stećci: Bosnian and Hum marbles from Middle Age] (in Serbo-Croatian). Ljevak. pp. 72, 225–231. ISBN 9789533035468.
  6. ^ Marković, Mirko (1998). Descriptio Bosnae & Hercegovinae: Bosna i Hercegovina na starim zemljovidima (in Serbo-Croatian). AGM. pp. 49, 52. ISBN 9531740917.
  7. ^ Ančić, Mladen (2005). "Kasnosrednjovjekovni Stolac". Historical Contributions (in Serbo-Croatian). 29 (29): 51, 57.
  8. ^ Hannes Grandits (2008). Herrschaft und Loyalität in der spätosmanischen Gesellschaft: das Beispiel der multikonfessionellen Herzegowina. Böhlau Verlag Wien. pp. 263–266. ISBN 978-3-205-77802-8.
  9. ^ Ljiljana Ševo; Tina Wik; Dubravko Lovrenović; Amra Hadžimuhamedović; Zeynep Ahunbay (27 January 2003). "St. Peter and Paul's Church, with the cemetery, judicial chairs, courtyard and walls in Ošanići, the historic ensemble". old.kons.gov.ba (in English and Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  10. ^ Ljiljana Ševo; Tina Wik; Dubravko Lovrenović; Amra Hadžimuhamedović; Zeynep Ahunbay (11 November 2002). "Necropolis of stecci at Radimlja, the historic site". old.kons.gov.ba (in English and Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  11. ^ Marko Vego (1973). "Kulturni karakter nekropole Radimlje kod Stoca / Cultural character of the Radimlje necropolis near Stolac". in Radovi sa Simpozijuma Srednjovekovna Bosna i evropska kultura (in Serbo-Croatian) (Museum of Zenica III ed.). Zenica: Muzej grada. pp. 301–332. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  12. ^ a b Schultz, C. C. (2004). "A Russian Bayard" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2010.. Taleon Club Magazine, 2004 no. 8. Retrieved 2011-07-16. Archived from the original on 2006-01-12, p. 70.
  13. ^ Treasure, Geoffrey (1985). The making of modern Europe, 1648-1780. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-05136-3, ISBN 978-0-415-05136-1, pp. 611-618
  14. ^ По ошибочным данным Руммеля и Голубцова А. С. Милорадович родился в 1729 г.
  15. ^ Solovʹev, Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich (2003). The rule of Catherine the Great: War with Turkey, Polish partition, 1771-1772. ISBN 9780875692395.
  16. ^ Walsh, Nick Paton (2006-06-02). "How Voltaire praised the 'enlightened despot' Catherine the Great". The Guardian.
  17. ^ Reddaway, W. F. (2012-03-29). Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English Text of 1768. ISBN 9781107694859.
  18. ^ Dixon, Simon (2010-12-09). Catherine the Great. ISBN 978-1847651921.
  19. ^ Kohut, Zenon E. (1975). "The Abolition of Ukrainian Autonomy (1763-1786): A Case Study in the Integration of a Non-Russian Area into the Empire".
  20. ^ "Yeletskyi Dormition Monastery".
  21. ^ Mandich, Donald R.; Placek, Joseph Anthony (1992). Russian Heraldry and Nobility. ISBN 9780963306395.