Algonquian–Wakashan languages

Algonquian–Wakashan
Almosan
Geographic distribution	North America, Sakhalin Island, and Southern Siberia
Linguistic classification	proposed language family
Subdivisions	Algic Sapir, 1929: Kutenai Mosan or Nikolaev, 2015–2016: Nivkh Wakashan
Language codes
Glottolog	None
Not shown: Yurok, Wiyot

Algonquian–Wakashan (also Almosan, Algonkian–Mosan, Algonkin–Wakashan) is a hypothetical language family composed of several established language families that was proposed in 1929. The proposal consists of the following:

• Algonquian–Wakashan
  • Algic (Algonkin–Ritwan)
    • Algonquian (Algonkin)
    • Beothuk
    • Wiyot–Yurok (Ritwan)
  • Kutenai (also known as Kootenay; a language isolate)
  • Mosan
    • Wakashan
    • Chimakuan
    • Salishan

Kutenai may possibly be distantly related to the Salishan family, but this link has not been demonstrated. The Mosan family proposal is also hypothetical and is currently considered undemonstrated, rather appearing to be a Sprachbund.

External relationships

Joseph Greenberg renamed Sapir's proposal Almosan and grouped it in an even more inclusive Almosan–Keresiouan phylum with the Caddoan, Iroquoian, Keresan, and Siouan families. This proposal has been rejected by linguists specializing in Native American languages.[1]

Murray Gell-Mann, Ilia Peiros, and Georgiy Starostin group Chukotko-Kamchatkan and Nivkh with Almosan.[2]

In the mid-2010s, Sergei Nikolaev argued in two papers for a systematic relationship between the Nivkh language of Sakhalin and the Amur basin and the Algic languages. He also proposed a secondary relationship between these two together and the Wakashan languages.[3][4]

In 1998, Vitaly V. Shevoroshkin rejected the Amerind affinity of the Almosan (Algonquian-Wakashan) languages, suggesting instead that they had a relationship with Dené–Caucasian.[5][6] Several years later, he offered a number of lexical and phonological correspondences between the North Caucasian, Salishan, and Wakashan languages, concluding that Salishan and Wakashan may represent a distinct branch of North Caucasian and that their separation from it must postdate the dissolution of the Northeast Caucasian unity (Avar-Andi-Tsezian), which took place around the 2nd or 3rd millennium BC.[5][7]

See also

• Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric

References

1. Lyle Campbell (2000). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford University Press. pp. 327–328. ISBN 978-0-19-514050-7. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
2. Gell-Mann et al., pp. 13–30
3. Nikolaev, S. (2015)
4. Nikolaev, S. (2016)
5. Shevoroshkin, Vitaliy V., 2003. "Salishan and North Caucasian." Mother Tongue 8: 39–64.
6. Shevoroshkin, Vitaly V. (Fall 1998), "1998 Symposium on Nostratic at Cambridge" (JPEG), Mother Tongue (31), ASLIP: 28–32, retrieved 2008-01-28
7. Shevoroshkin, Vitaliy V., 2004. "Proto-Salishan and Proto-North-Caucasian Consonants: a few cognate sets." in Nostratic Centennial Conference: the Pécs Papers. ed. by. I. Hegedűs & P. Sidwell, pp. 181–191. Pécs: Lingua Franca Group.

• Gell-Mann, Murray; Ilia Peiros; George Starostin (2009). "Distant Language Relationship: The Current Perspective" (PDF). Journal of Language Relationship (1).

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987). Language in the Americas. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
• Sapir, Edward. (1929). Central and North American languages. In The encyclopædia britannica: A new survey of universal knowledge (14 ed.) (Vol. 5, pp. 138–141). London: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Ltd.