Al-Ayoubi family

Al-Ayoubi Family عائِلَة الأَيّوبيّ
Al-Ayoubi family coat of arms.
CountryAyyubid Sultanate, Emirate of Hasankeyf, Syria
EtymologyAl-Ayoubi:'descendant of Job'
Place of originDvin, Armenia
Founded1171
FounderSaladin
Titles

The Al-Ayoubi family is a prominent family of royal and noble lineage, tracing its origins to the Middle Ages. The family originated in the ancient Armenian city of Dvin.

In Dvin, the family was regarded as the political and military elite of the region before relocating to the Levant.[1][2][3]

Origins

Main article: Ayyubid dynasty

Named after Najm ad-Din Ayyub the son of Shadhi Ibn Marwan a military elite fortress commander from Dvin, Armenia.[4][5] He succeeded his father as governor of Tikrit and later ruled Baalbek under Imad al-Din Zengi. Then he settled in Damascus, where his son Saladin grew up and founded the Ayyubid dynasty.[6][7]

The dynasty is known for its efforts in restoring Jerusalem and significantly influencing the political landscape of the region.[8]

It ruled over modern-day Egypt, Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, the Hejaz, Yemen and the North African coast up to Tunisia. Saladin ascended to the throne and was known as Al-Malik Al-Naser (The Victorious King).[9][10] appointing family members as Emirs (Princes) in various regions of his kingdom.

Modern history

The family has played a significant role in the political, economic, and social landscape of the modern era, with its members holding influential positions in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Today, most of the family resides in major cities such as Damascus, Beirut.[11][12]

In Iraq

In Jordan

In Saudi Arabia

Prime minister Saad Jumaa Al-Ayoubi with his royal highness king Hussein of Jordan.
Saladin, by Cristofano dell'Altissimo, before1568.
Prime minister Ali Jawdat Al-Ayyubi.
A brass wreath gifted by his imperial highness Wilhelm II.

In Syria


List of Monarchs

Noteworthy

  • Khatun Sitt al-Sham, sister of Saladin, founded many schools and hospitals in Damascus and had a profound interest in literature and culture, honoring writers. Ibn Khallikan described her deeds, saying, "She gave us lessons in mercy." She died in 1220 and was buried in Al-Sahiba Madrasa in Damascus.[23]
  • Ismael Abulfeda Al-Ayoubi (1273–1331). was born in Damascus, Syria. He was a geographer and historian who later became the governor of Hama. The crater Abulfeda on the Moon is named after him.[24]

Historical monuments

Citadel of Damascus.

References

  1. ^ "Lionhearts". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  2. ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1906). Saladin; and the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Harvard University. New York London, G.P. Putnam's sons.
  3. ^ "The book of Saladin". www.bklynlibrary.org. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  4. ^ Morton, Nicholas (2020-04-15). The Crusader States and Their Neighbours: A Military History, 1099-1187. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-19-882454-1.
  5. ^ Conder, Claude Reignier (1897). The Life of Saladin. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p. xv. LCCN 05039632. Salah ed-Din (Saladin) was the son of Ayûb, and grandson of Shadi, a Rawadiya Kurd of the great Hadâniya Tribe. He was thus of Kurd descent. Several of his bravest warriors and most trusted counsellors were Kurds, and during his reign, and that of his brother el'Adel, Kurds ruled in Armenia, Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Arabia.
  6. ^ "Ayyūb | governor of Damascus". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  7. ^ Ali, Tariq (2013-10-15). The Book of Saladin. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-4804-4854-4.
  8. ^ "Saladin". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  9. ^ "Saladin | Biography, Achievements, Crusades, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  10. ^ "Saladin". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  11. ^ al-Sawwaf, Mohammad (2010). موسوعة الأسر الدمشقية [Encyclopedia of Damascene Families] (in Arabic) (2 ed.). pp. 335–339. ISBN 978-9933-400-02-6.
  12. ^ "آل الأيوبي". www.yabeyrouth.com. Retrieved 2021-07-20.
  13. ^ "Ali Jawdat Al Ayoubi | Arab Revolt Centennial". arabrevolt.jo. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  14. ^ "رئاسة الوزراء - دولة السيد سعد جمعه". www.pm.gov.jo. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  15. ^ "المدينة نيوز - آل جمعةالأيوبي". www.almadenahnews.com. 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  16. ^ "الأكراد الأردنيون". جريدة الغد (in Arabic). 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  17. ^ a b c al-Sawwaf 2010.
  18. ^ "الإعلامي المعروف د. زهير الأيوبي إلى رحمة الله". www.al-jazirah.com. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  19. ^ الخضيري, منصور (2013-09-03). "زهير الأيوبي.. قامة رحلت بصمت!". Watanksa (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  20. ^ "رحيل شيخ الإذاعيين الإعلامي القدير زهير الأيوبي". www.alukah.net (in Arabic). 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2021-07-23.
  21. ^ "Ata al-Ayyubi". memim.com. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  22. ^ "Sultanates: Ayyubid | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  23. ^ Humphreys, R. Stephen (1994). "Women as Patrons of Religious Architecture in Ayyubid Damascus". Muqarnas. 11: 35–54. doi:10.2307/1523208. ISSN 0732-2992. JSTOR 1523208.
  24. ^ "Abū al-Fidāʾ | Ayyūbid ruler and author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  25. ^ Hillenbrand, Carole (2021-02-27). "The sultan, the Kaiser, the colonel, and the purloined wreath". The Making of Crusading Heroes and Villains. Routledge. pp. 112–124. doi:10.4324/9780429293283-7. ISBN 978-0-429-29328-3. S2CID 233882747.
  26. ^ "Mausoleum of Saladin (Salah ul-Din Ayyubi) - Madain Project (en)". madainproject.com. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  27. ^ "Presentation wreath from Saladin's tomb". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved 2021-07-03.