538

This article is about the year 538. For other uses, see 538 (disambiguation).

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	5th century 6th century 7th century
Decades:	510s 520s 530s 540s 550s
Years:	535 536 537 538 539 540 541

538 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	538 DXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1291
Assyrian calendar	5288
Balinese saka calendar	459–460
Bengali calendar	−56 – −55
Berber calendar	1488
Buddhist calendar	1082
Burmese calendar	−100
Byzantine calendar	6046–6047
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3235 or 3028     — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3236 or 3029
Coptic calendar	254–255
Discordian calendar	1704
Ethiopian calendar	530–531
Hebrew calendar	4298–4299
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	594–595
- Shaka Samvat	459–460
- Kali Yuga	3638–3639
Holocene calendar	10538
Iranian calendar	84 BP – 83 BP
Islamic calendar	87 BH – 86 BH
Javanese calendar	425–426
Julian calendar	538 DXXXVIII
Korean calendar	2871
Minguo calendar	1374 before ROC 民前1374年
Nanakshahi calendar	−930
Seleucid era	849/850 AG
Thai solar calendar	1080–1081
Tibetan calendar	阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 664 or 283 or −489     — to — 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 665 or 284 or −488

Year 538 (DXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iohannes without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1291 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 538 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• March 12 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges of the Ostrogoths ends his siege (after 374 days) and abandons Rome. He retreats with his Gothic army northeast along the Via Flaminia.
• Belisarius attacks the Goths when they have crossed the Milvian Bridge. After fierce resistance, Vitiges routs in panic, and many are slain or drowned in the river.[1]
• Gothic War: Vitiges strengthens the garrisons of various towns and besieges Ariminum. Byzantine forces under the Armenian general Narses arrive at Picenum.[2]
• April – Belisarius secures Liguria, Mediolanum (modern Milan) and Ariminum, but disagreements, especially with Narses, leads to disunity in the Byzantine army.
• Summer – King Theudebert I sends a small Frankish force across the Alps, and defeats the Goths and Byzantines at the River Po. Belisarius retreats to Tuscany.
• Sittas, Byzantine general, suppresses a revolt in Armenia in protest against heavy taxation. During the campaign he is killed by Artabanes, leader of the revolt.[3]

Britain

• King Cuneglas of Rhos abandons his wife in favour of his sister-in-law, a nun who he drags from her convent (approximate date).
• Gabrán mac Domangairt becomes king of Dál Riata (Scotland).

Asia

• King Seong of Paekche (Korea) moves the capital from Ungjin (present-day Gongju) further south to Sabi (present-day Buyeo County), on the Geum River. He sends a diplomatic mission that formally introduces Buddhism to the Japanese imperial court (see also 552).
• The Kofun period ends and the Asuka period, the second part of the Yamato period in Japan, begins.

By topic

Religion

• As a result of persecutions by the Byzantine Empire, Monophysite Christians establish the Coptic Church in Alexandria (approximate date).
• The Third Council of Orléans takes place, and prohibits rural labor on Sunday.
• The first time since the Emperor Justinian's decree of 533, making John (the Bishop of Rome) Chief Bishop of all the churches, that the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome over the Church can actually be implemented by Pope Vigilius.

Society

• Third year of worldwide famine, a consequence of the Extreme weather events of 535–536.[n 1]

Births

• Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (d. 585)
• Gregory of Tours, French bishop, historian (d. 594)
• Zhiyi, de facto founder of Tiantai Buddhism (d. 597)

Deaths

• February 8 – Severus of Antioch, patriarch of Antioch
• Cailtram, king of the Picts (approximate date)
• Comgall mac Domangairt, king of Dál Riata (approximate date)
• Damascius, Byzantine philosopher
• Saint Manchan, Irish Saint.
• Sittas, Byzantine general (magister militum)

Notes and references

Notes

1. Famine is described as "T538.1, Failure of bread" in the Annals of Tigernach.[4]

References

1. Procopius, De Bello Gothico II
2. Procopius, De Bello Gothico I.XIII
3. Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, pp. 125, 255, 641
4. Mac Niocaill 2010, pp. T538.1.

Secondary sources

• Mac Niocaill, Gearóid (2010). "The Annals of Tigernach". CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
• Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20160-5.