The 41st Division (41. Division) was a unit of the Prussian/GermanArmy.[1] It was established on October 1, 1912, in Deutsch Eylau (now Iława, Poland).[2] The division was subordinated in peacetime to the XX Army Corps (XX. Armeekorps).[3] The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was mainly recruited in the Prussian province of West Prussia.
Pre-World War I organization
The organization of the 37th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:[4]
72. Infanterie-Brigade
Infanterie-Regiment von Grolmann (1. Posensches) Nr. 18
Infanterie-Regiment Freiherr Hiller von Gaertringen (4. Posensches) Nr. 59
74. Infanterie-Brigade
5. Westpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 148
Deutsch Ordens-Infanterie-Regiment (1. Elsässisches) Nr. 152
41. Kavallerie-Brigade
Kürassier-Regiment Herzog Friedrich Eugen von Württemberg (Westpreußisches) Nr. 5
Ulanen-Regiment von Schmidt (1. Pommersches) Nr. 4
41. Feldartillerie-Brigade
1. Westpreußisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 35
3. Ostpreußisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 79
Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914, at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 41st Division was renamed the 41st Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:[5]
72. Infanterie-Brigade
Infanterie-Regiment von Grolmann (1. Posensches) Nr. 18
Infanterie-Regiment Freiherr Hiller von Gaertringen (4. Posensches) Nr. 59
74. Infanterie-Brigade
5. Westpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 148
Deutsch Ordens-Infanterie-Regiment (1. Elsässisches) Nr. 152
Dragoner-Regiment König Albert von Sachsen (Ostpreußisches) Nr. 10
41. Feldartillerie-Brigade
1. Westpreußisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 35
3. Ostpreußisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 79
2.Kompanie/Masurisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 26
3.Kompanie/Masurisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 26
Combat chronicle
The 41st Infantry Division began World War I on the Eastern Front. It participated in the battles of Tannenberg and 1st Masurian Lakes. In 1916, it saw action in the Romanian Campaign. The division was transferred to the Western Front in February 1917. It occupied the trenchlines in 1917, and participated in the Second Battle of the Aisne, also called the Third Battle of Champagne. In 1918 participated in the German spring offensive. In the subsequent Allied counteroffensives, the division fought in the Meuse-Argonne. Allied intelligence rated the division a second class division.[6][7]
Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). The 41st Infantry Division was triangularized in May 1915.[8] An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 41st Infantry Division's order of battle on March 31, 1918, was as follows:[9]
74. Infanterie-Brigade
Infanterie-Regiment von Grolmann (1. Posensches) Nr. 18
5. Westpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 148
Deutsch Ordens-Infanterie-Regiment (1. Elsässisches) Nr. 152
4. Eskadron/Dragoner-Regiment König Albert von Sachsen (Ostpreußisches) Nr. 10
Artillerie-Kommandeur 41:
3. Ostpreußisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 79
II. Bataillon/2. Pommersches Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 15
Hermann Cron et al., Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee (Berlin, 1935)
Hermann Cron, Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918 (Berlin, 1937)
Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920, online)
Footnotes
^From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army as, during the period of German unification (1866-1871), the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.
^Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.134.
^Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919 (1920), pp. 446-450 (online).