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2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 2e Régiment étranger de parachutistes, 2e REP) is the only airborne regiment of the Foreign Legion in the French Army.[5] It is one of the four infantry regiments of the 11th Parachute Brigade and part of the spearhead of the French rapid reaction force.[6][7] Since the regiment's arrival from Algeria in 1967, it has been stationed at Camp Raffalli near the town of Calvi on the island of Corsica, south of mainland France. The regiment is also equipped with Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé.[8] HistoryDescended from the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion which served in Indochina, it fought in Algeria, and more recently in Kolwezi (Zaïre) during the Battle of Kolwezi in 1978.[9] Having participated in all French exterior operations since 1970, the regiment has operated in Chad, Lebanon, and the former Yugoslavia since 1992, at Djibouti, Rwanda, in Central Africa and even Gabon. In 1997, the regiment was engaged in the Congo-Brazzaville during Operation Pelican (French: Opération Pélican). From 2002 to 2003, at the beginning of Opération Licorne, the regiment was engaged in the Ivory Coast. More recently in 2010, the regiment fought in Afghan theatre as part of the Brigade La Fayette (or Task Force La Fayette) as GTIA Surobi, code Battle Group Altor. The Parachute Company of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment was created on April 1, 1948.[10] The command of the company was given to a 23-year-old Lieutenant, Jacques Morin. He commanded the company from April 31, 1948, to May 31, 1949.[10] Volunteers filled in the ranks from the foreign regiments present already in Indochina.[10] Part of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment, the parachute company operated under different battalions.[10] Following a series of combat action operations in the most exposed sectors of the high regions and airborne operations in the Delta, the company was dissolved on May 31, 1949.[10] At the time the company disbanded, it comprised three Legion officers, 14 Sous-officiers, and 92 corporals and legionnaires, all of whom were transferred to the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion which had just disembarked in Indochina.[9] 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion (1948–1955) The 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion (3e BEP) was created in April 1949 at Mascara.[11] The 7th combat company of paratrooper training of the 1st Foreign rejoined Sétif 7 months later, starting November 15, 1949, becoming officially the 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion.[11] The mission of the 3e B.E.P was to instruct the legionnaires destined to relieve the 1st and 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalions.[11] It also participated in operations to maintain order in Tunisia from January to June 1952.[12] On May 4, 1954, as the Battle of Dien Bien Phu was underway, the battalion began travelling to Indochina.[11] On May 25, 1954, the battalion was at Haïphong.[11] On June 1, the men forming the 3e B.E.P were transferred to the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion as the 2 BEP was reconstituted.[11] The 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion merged with the injured of annihilated foreign battalions while in the meantime, owing to numerous volunteers, the 3e B.E.P. was seen reconstituted at Sétif.[11] Back to Algeria, the three foreign paratrooper battalions the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion, 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion, 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion) would be seen filling the ranks of the foreign paratrooper regiment. On September 1, 1955, the 3e B.E.P. became the 3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment (3e REP).[11] Based at Batna, the regiment became operational but then was dissolved on December 1, 1955; the men constituting the regiment were merged with the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion to form a new unit, the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment.[11] The insignia of the 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion was created in 1950 by Captain Pierre Darmuzai, the battalion commander (Chef de Bataillon).[11]   2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion (1948–1955)
The first combat engagements of the 2e B.E.P. have for theatre of operations, Cambodia, Cochinchine and Annam.[14] In October 1950, the battalion was summoned to Tonkin. Reinforced by a heavy mortars company, the battalion engaged in all military operations in the Delta, in Thaï lands, Mékong and the plains of Jarres.[14] The impressive series of combat engagements were earned at the battle of Nghĩa Lộ, colonial route N°6 (RC6), Hòa Bình and the defence of the camp by an airborne operation on Langson.[14] Crowned of a magnificent epoque, the 2e B.E.P cleared the way to Dien Bien Phu on April 9 and 10 of 1954 in the middle of the furnace.[14] Following the couter-attack of supporting point "Huguet", led by a rare determination during the night of the 22 and 23 of April; the 2e B.E.P and the 1st Foreign Parachute Battalion (1er B.E.P) merged to form a single Foreign Marching Battalion. On May 7, the Foreign Marching Battalion was dissolved and the 2e B.E.P was recreated by members of the 3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion.[14] On June 1, 1954, the 2e B.E.P. left Asia on November 1, 1955.[14]
The colors of the battalion were decorated with 6 citations at the orders of the armed forces and the Fourragère of the colors of the Legion of Honor.[14] The losses of the 2e B.E.P included 1500 Legion Officers, Sous-Officiers and Legionnaires killed along with their "chef de corps", Legion Commandant Barthélémy Rémy Raffali leading and heading tradition.[14] Returned to Algeria, the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion (2e B.E.P) became the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment on December 1, 1955.[14] The insignia of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion was created in 1949, in Cambodia. The battalion insignia represents an Eastern winged Dragon making reference to the original implementation in Asia.[16] The three point triangular shape of the insignia represents the form of an open parachute; centered by the flag colors of the Legion; and is symbol of the perfection that is expected of the men that may serve this regiment.[16] The battalion was commanded at the time by commandant Solnon (1948–1950).[14] Algeria (1954–1962)On December 1, 1955, the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion was enlarged to a full regiment, the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (French: 2e Régiment étranger de parachutistes, 2e R.E.P).[17] The regiment served throughout the Algerian War and suffered a total of 741 casualties.[18] When the 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion left the Far East on November 1, 1955, the fanion of the battalion included six palms and the Fourragère with colors of the Légion d'honneur. The battalion had lost 1500 Officers, Sous-Officiers and Legionnaires including a battalion commander. On December 1 the 2e BEP became the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment (2e REP). During their first combat engagement, on January 5, the regiment lost its first fatality, while their opponents lost 22 of theirs. Regrouping at Philippeville, the companies covered appropriate sectors. From March to June, two units operated in the Aurès Mountains. April 30 was marked with hard combat engagements. The regimental colors were received on June 5. In November, the regiment changed sectors. The command post set camp at Tébessa. In operational reserve, the regiment had for mission to run surveillance of the Algeria-Tunisia border. The year of 1956 ended with 900 rebels killed, 500 prisoners and significant war material recuperated. The foreign regiment had endured the loss of 38 men killed in combat. In April 1957, the regiment returned to Philippeville. On May 30, the regiment left garrison and made way to El Milia (French: El Milia) in order to ensure the security of the almost island looking Collo and the region of Jijel (French: Jijel). In August, the regiment returned to Tébessa for a series of operations on the border where 35 rebels where placed out of combat at the expense of the lives of six Legionnaires. On December 18, the foreign regiment destroyed an opposing battalion size in the Hamimat Guerra. The rebels deplored 45 fatalities. In 1960, the regiment was spread in different garrisons : Chekfa, Tleta, Chahna, Siar and Philipeville at camp Pehau. During the 1st trimester, « Opération Turquoise » occupied the regiment which deplored four fatalities, eight wounded, however, the enemy left 24 outlaws (French: Hors La Loi, HLL), 2 prisoners, 5 defeated escapees, and 17 arrested suspects. One type 20 mm cannon recuperated, 1 PM, 10 war rifles and numerous munitions were destroyed. A couple of secondary operations were mounted such as « Saxophone » on January 26 and 27, "Clarinette" (3 HLL killed and one prisoner), « Basson I » on February 20 and 21, « Basson II » on March 8 and 9, (six HLL killed and 24 suspects arrested), « Zacharie » (1 leading figure died committing suicide and 2 defeated escapes) from March 15 to 17, « Victorien » (four defeated escapees), then in the 2nd trimester, « Turquoise » with secondary operations « Poisson » (two HLL killed, eight suspects arrested) on April 1 and 2, « Basson III » (three HLL killed and defeated escapees, on April 19, one Officer and two Legionnaires were killed in an ambush). After « Turquoise », followed « Opaline » in June. In the first days of 1958, the regiment saw accelerated combat. On April 26 and 27, the foreign regiment placed out of combat 209 HLL (outlaws) in the region of Sbihi, seizing a strong arsenal including three machine-guns. On the 30, during the celebration of Camarón, a series of locations seals were placed into effect in order to intercept a band of rebels making way towards Ahras. 84 of them were killed. In January 1959, the foreign regiment made way towards Guelma, as operational reserve for the zone East Constantine. On March 1, the foreign regiment annihilated a battalion size force at Gambetta. On June 23, another battalion size rebel force was dismantled. 29 HLL were killed and 10 were made prisoners. During the 3rd trimester, the operations "Pierres précieuses" were launched. West Constantine was racked. The casualty results were heavy: 229 HLL killed, 99 prisoners, and the foreign regiment endured the loss of 11 Legionnaires. In January 1960, the 2e REP, now part of the 25th Parachute Division operated in the sector of Djidjelli. It's operation "Turquoise" again, secondary operation of operation "Pierres précieuses". On September 23, the foreign regiment returned to its rear base in Philipeville before rejoining Hammama where operation "Ariège" was commencing and which concerned the regions of Biskra and Kenchela. Before leaving the Aurès, the 2e REP inflicted another defeat on the rebels in Chelia, finishing with 53 HLL killed. On December 28, the foreign regiment made movement towards Oran then Tlemcen where the regiment arrived on December 30. On May 1, 1961, following the dissolution of their brother regiment, 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment, the 2e REP remained the only heir of all Foreign Legion parachute units created since 1948. Coming under the orders of the Western Oran Zone to reinforce the Algerian-Moroccan Barrage, the regiment remained until January 28, date where the later was found in the rear base. The operations, police rounds and presence rounds followed each other in the regions of Calle, Milia, Philipeville until March 18, 1962, date of the ceasefire which the foreign regiment learned of at Telergma. In less than seven years, more than 4000 rebels were placed out of combat and nearly 4000 individual arms and more than 200 collective arms were ceased. The foreign regiment left Constantine, on August 30, 1962, after a continuous quasi presence for 6 years in the same region. On September 16, the foreign regiment regrouped at Bou-Sfer in the enclave of the Strategic Base of Mers El Kébir.[19] 2nd Foreign Paratrooper RegimentThe transition (1962–1967)Starting 1962 and at the signature of the Évian Accords, the French Armed Forces progressively left Algeria for metropolitan France. For the first time in Legion history, Legion regiments would be garrisoned in mainland France. For the 2e REP, this move would be made progressively between 1965 and 1967. From the former garrison at Bou-Sfer, the last French Base on Algerian territory, the Regiment sent units to start preparing the new garrison, situated in Calvi, in Corsica. This garrison was the former garrison of the 1st Parachute Choc Battalion of the 11th Parachute Choc Demi-Brigade, dissolved in 1963. The complete move would be effective in June 1967 and the regiment joined the 11th Parachute Division. That period, the first period of peace in the history of the regiment after 14 years in existence, was accompanied with various challenges, significant for the legionnaires. The legionnaires had to face political decisions which were hard to comprehend. The dissolution of their "brother regiment", the 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment following the generals putsch left the regiment in significant disarray. In addition, the foreign regiment was in a null phase of operations activity. The Regiment was garrisoned in camp, and stuck with no permission to move out of the designated area while being encircled by the local Algerian army, with whom the foreign regiment had been fighting against for eight years. Accordingly, the training and routine affected deeply the esprit de corps of the legionnaires. It was during this périod, under Colonel Caillaud, that the companies started to specialize in a particular task: Anti-tank combat (1st company), Mountain combat (2nd company), Amphibious combat (3rd company) and Destruction explosive activities (4th company). This regrouping reformed the R.E.P into an elite para-commando force.[20] In June 1967 the regiment was moved to its current base at Camp Raffalli, Calvi on the island of Corsica.[20] It was assigned to the 11th Division and became part of France's rapid intervention forces.[20] (1967–1978)
(1978–2015)In 1994, the parachute company which the REP had provided for the 13th Demi-Brigade of Foreign Legion (13e DBLE) was dissolved. Nevertheless, the 2e REP continued each year to supply a company on 4-month rotations until the departure of the 13e DBLE on June 13, 2011. Operations:
2008–2015The regiment served in Afghanistan with the International Security Assistance Force sending OMLTs in 2008 and 2012: GTIA (Altor in 2010) and SGTIA (Ba cum in 2011) as part of Brigade La Fayette (Operation Pamir). Three Legionnaires, Nepali Kisan Thapa, Pole Konrad Rygiel and Slovakian Robert Hutnik were killed in action. There were structural changes from 2010. In January 2011, a defense base in Calvi was created.[21] Colonel Plessy was the first commandant of the designated defense base, while being the regimental commander of the 2e REP. 2e REP continued to be deployed on short duration missions: in Djibouti until the departure of the 13th Demi-Brigade of Foreign Legion in 2011; to Gabon; to New Caledonia; and as of 2012, in the United Arab Emirates as a deployed company of the 13e DBLE, alternating with Legion infantry units from metropolitan France. In 2012, a subunit from the United Arab Emirates deployment protected the French Military Hospital in Jordan during Operation Tamour (fr:opération Tamour). During the night of January 27 and 28, 2013, a company of the 2e REP was parachuted into the city of Timbuktu as part of Operation Serval in Mali.[22] This was the regiment's first parachute drop since Kolwezi in 1978. In 2015, a fifth combat company was formed, specialized in desert warfare. Global War on Terror from 2015 until presentOperation Serval in Mali having been replaced by Operation Barkhane in the Saharan Sahel in August 2014, 3 combat sections of the regiment parachuted in the north of Niger between April 7 and April 13, 2015. The War on Terror in France and Opération Sentinelle means the regiment operates in mainland France.[23] SelectionPromo Parachutiste is the selection course which Legionnaires intending to join 2ème REP undergo at Camp Raffalli in Calvi, Haute-Corse. Following selections, a Legionnaire's training begins with 12 months of physical, mental and psychological tests across all terrain and weather conditions including special operations. 2e R.E.P is the only regiment of the 11th Parachute Brigade which trains their own paratroopers. The Legionnaires spend their parachute training in Calvi TAP within the walls of the regiment. All other French Army paratrooper units are trained at the École des troupes aéroportées (ETAP) in Pau. Stringent Training Practices – The Slovakian recruit Joszef Tvarusko, who was part of the 2e R.E.P of the French Foreign Legion, died from heatstroke during a rigorous exercise in Djibouti in May 2008, leading to the trial of four of his superiors over alleged harsh treatment.[24] Organization The regiment is composed of around 1310 men organized into 10 companies and a reserve unit of 60 men.[25] As of 2018, the structure of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment consisted of:[26]
Consisting similarly to the DINOPS, PCG, GCM of the Legion REGs, the 2e REP operates more specialized action teams than other Legion regiments. These include the GCP of the Commando Parachute Group – Groupement Commando Parachutiste which is a special forces unit of the 11th Parachute Brigade of the French Army. While GCP members of other specialized regular units wear the parachutist's red beret, the 2e REP GCP members wear the green beret.[37] Traditions Except for the Legionnaires of the 1er REG, 2e REG, 2e REP that retain the green beret; the remainder of the metropolitan French army and marine paratroopers, of the 11th Parachute Brigade, wear the red beret. InsigniasThe insignia of the French metropolitan Paratroopers represents a closed "winged armed dextrochere", meaning a "right winged arm" armed with a sword pointing upwards. The Insignia makes reference to the Patron of Paratroopers. In fact, the Insignia represents "the right Arm of Saint Michael", the Archangel which according to Liturgy[dubious – discuss] is the "Armed Arm of God". This Insignia is the symbol of righteous combat and fidelity to superior missions. Regimental Colors Bearing stitched in golden letters, the following inscriptions.[38][39] Regimental SongsChant de Marche : La Légion marche featuring:[40] La Légion marche vers le front, DecorationsThe regimental colors are decorated with:
HonoursBattle honoursCompany, Battalion & Regimental Commanders (1921–2005).  (1932–1979).  Note (* †): Legion officers killed leading their battalions and regiments 2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion (1948–1955)
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 1955–present
Notable Officers, Sous-Officiers and Legionnaires
Notes
References
External links
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