2025 Kosovan parliamentary election

2025 Kosovan parliamentary election
Kosovo
← 2021 9 February 2025
All 120 seats to the Assembly
61 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Current seats
Vetëvendosje[a] Albin Kurti 54
PDK Bedri Hamza[b] 18
LDK–PSHDK Lumir Abdixhiku 17
AAK–NISMA–CL Ramush Haradinaj 8
AKR–PD Behgjet Pacolli 3
Independents – 1
Minority lists
Serb List Zlatan Elek 10
KDTP Fikrim Damka 2
Vakat Bahrim Šabani 1
IRDK Elbert Krasniqi 1
RI Gazmend Salijević 1
NDS Emilija Redžepi 1
SDU Duda Balje 1
JGP Adem Hodža 1
PAI Bekim Arifi 1
LPRK Erxhan Galushi 1

Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Kosovo on 9 February 2025 to elect the 120 members of the assembly.

Background

In the 2021 elections Lëvizja Vetëvendosje (LVV) won 58 seats.[1] They created a coalition with minority parties to form a Government.[2]

Electoral system

Politics of Kosovo
Constitution and law
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
Foreign policy

As a democratic republic, Kosovo implements an open list proportional representation method that allocates seats in the parliament according to the proportion of votes garnered by political parties in a multi-party system.[3] The parliament is composed of 120 representatives with a term of four years and 20 seats reserved for national minorities.[4][5] The constitution codifies integral democratic principles, stipulating that voting rights are equal, free, and conducted through secret ballot.[6][4] To ensure proportional representation, the Sainte-Laguë method is employed for seat distribution, contingent upon an electoral threshold of 5%.[7]

Election date

According to the constitution, parliamentary elections in Kosovo are mandated to be conducted no later than 30 days and no earlier than 45 days prior to the expiration of the parliament's mandate.[8] On 31 July 2024, President Vjosa Osmani formally invited the leaders of political parties to a consultative meeting regarding the scheduling of the upcoming elections.[9][10] In her invitation, Osmani underscored that, in accordance with the constitution and the electoral code, the elections must take place between 26 January and 16 February 2025.[9][11] Opposition figures, including Lumir Abdixhiku of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), Ramush Haradinaj of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) and Memli Krasniqi of the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), advocated for elections on 26 January, while Mimoza Kusari-Lila of the Alternativa proposed delaying the elections to 9 or 16 February, citing logistical concerns related to the post-holiday period.[12][13] Prime Minister and leader of the Self-determination Movement (LVV) Albin Kurti did not attend the consultation due to a prior commitment.[14] Concluding, on 16 August, Osmani announced that the elections would be scheduled for 9 February 2025.[15][16][17]

Parliamentary parties

See also: List of political parties in Kosovo
Name Ideology Position Leader 2021 result
Votes (%) Seats
LVV Self-determination Movement
Lëvizja Vetëvendosje 		Social democracy Left Albin Kurti 50.28
58 / 120
PDK Democratic Party of Kosovo
Partia Demokratike e Kosovës 		Conservatism Centre-right Enver Hoxhaj 17.01
19 / 120
LDK Democratic League of Kosovo
Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës 		Conservatism Centre-right Avdullah Hoti 12.73
15 / 120
AAK Alliance for the Future of Kosovo
Aleanca për Ardhmërinë e Kosovës 		Conservatism Centre-right Ramush Haradinaj 7.12
8 / 120
SL Serb List
Lista Serbe 		Minority Zlatan Elek 5.09
10 / 120
KDTP Turkish Democratic Party of Kosovo
Partia Demokratike Turke e Kosovës 		Fikrim Damka 0.75
2 / 120
VAKAT Vakat Coalition
Koalicioni Vakat 		Bahrim Šabani 0.62
1 / 120
IRDK New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo
Iniciativa e Re Demokrarike e Kosovës 		Elbert Krasniqi 0.38
1 / 120
RI Romani Initiative
Iniciativa Rome 		Gazmend Salijević 0.36
1 / 120
NDS New Democratic Party of Kosovo
Partia e Re Demokratike 		Emilija Redžepi 0.33
1 / 120
SDU Social Democratic Union of Kosovo
Unioni Socialdemokrat 		Duda Balje 0.29
1 / 120
JGP Unique Gorani Party
Partia Unike Gorane 		Adem Hodža 0.25
1 / 120
PAI Ashkali Party for Integration
Partia Ashkalinjëve për Integrim 		Bekim Arifi 0.25
1 / 120
LPRK Progressive Movement of Kosovar Roma
Lëvizja Përparimtare e Romëve të Kosovës 		Erxhan Galushi 0.14
1 / 120

Parties and coalitions

The application period for political parties seeking certification and submission of candidate lists for the 2025 elections spanned from 1 September to 11 December 2024.[18] A total of 28 political entities submitted applications, including 20 political parties, five coalitions, two civil initiatives, and one independent candidate, with 1,280 candidates nominated for the elections.[18]

On 23 December 2024, the Serb List was not certified by the KQZ for participation in the elections.[19][20] The decision was based on remarks made by the party's leader Zlatan Elek during the presentation of the electoral list, which KQZ deemed to be nationalistic in nature.[21] The party said it would appeal the decision, calling it “institutional and political violence” against the Serb minority.[22] On 25 December 2024, the Election Complaints and Appeals Panel (ECAP) accepted the Serb List's appeal against the KQZ decision to deny their certification for participation in the upcoming parliamentary elections in Kosovo. ECAP instructed the KQZ to certify the Serb List for the election.[23]

Campaign

Election campaigns in Kosovo are regulated to initiate 30 days before the scheduled election date and must conclude on the day immediately preceding the election day.[24]

Governmental parties

On August governing parties of Vetëvendosje, Guxo! and Alternativa announced that they would once again run inside the same electoral list, with incumbent Prime Minister Albin Kurti leading the list.[25] Although initial reports suggested that Guxo! and Alternativa preferred a formal coalition.[26]

There has been some infighting within Guxo! against their leaders Donika Gervalla and Faton Peci, both of whom are ministers within the Government. On 9 December 2024 Guxo! branch in Ferizaj announced it would close itself that day, citing discontent with its leaders.[27] On 12 December Guxo! branch in Peja called for voters to boycott the election following the publication of the deputy list, which according to them broke party rules by not including party name on the list.[28]

Opposition parties

On 27 March 2024 the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) announced that Bedri Hamza, mayor of South Mitrovica and Former Minister of Finance, would be its candidate for Prime Minister.[29] The move to nominate Hamza has been speculated as an attempt to focus the campaign on the Economy, which has seen stagnation under the new government.[30] On November 3 during the convention of PDK, Hamza announced their slogan would be "Kosova mundet më mirë"(Kosovo can do better). Hamza also announced his plans and projects for governing Kosovo, with the economy being the main point of his program.[31]

In December 2023 the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) published its program from the upcoming election dubbed "Rruga e re" ("The New Road", "The New Path" or "The New Way").[32] In July 2024 LDK and PSHDK, a Christian minority party in Kosovo, announced that they would run together in the same electoral list.[33] Lumir Abdixhiku is its candidate for Prime Minister, serving as leader of LDK since 2021.

In January 2024 opposition parties Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), Social Democratic Initiative (NISMA) and Conservative List of Kosovo (LKK) announced they would run together in a coalition led by leader of AAK and former Prime Minister, Ramush Haradinaj.[34] According to the Social Democratic Party of Kosovo (PSD) it too was offered to join this coalition but rejected it due to ideological differences.[35] The coalition was made official in August 2024[36] and soon after, the coalition published their program which focuses more on foreign relations and Kosovo's aspiration to join NATO and EU.[37]

The New Kosovo Alliance (AKR) and the Justice Party (PD) along with assembly members of ruling LVV[38] announced the creation of the "Family List" Coalition.[39] The coalition was formed as opposition to the government attempt to increase LGBTQ rights in Kosovo, specifically the proposed Civil Code which would've legalized same-sex civil unions.[40]

Campaign Issues

Dialogue with Serbia

Following the formation of the government Prime Minister Kurti declared that dialogue with Serbia would be his 6th or 7th priority, choosing to focus more on domestic issues.[41] On 20 September 2021 Kosovo announced a ban on Serbian license plate being used by Serbian citizens in Kosovo.[42] The Government justified this action as reciprocal measures, seeing as Serbia doesn't recognize Kosovan license plate.[43] This however sparked protest in Serb-majority north Kosovo as well as condemnation from Serbia who threatened to use military action. On 30 September 2021 EU had announced they had brokered a temporary deal between Serbia and Kosovo, halting the issue for 6 months.[44]

In July 2022 Kosovan government announced that Serbian citizens who enter Kosovo will receive entry and exit documents sparking barricades by local Serbs in Kosovo. This would also lead to Serbian politicians and policemen to leave Kosovan Institutions.[45][46]

LGBTQ rights

The issue of regulating marriage and civil partnerships for same-sex couples has sparked a clash of viewpoints in the Kosovo Assembly. In March 2022, the Civil Code Draft did not pass its first reading due to strong opposition, particularly regarding the potential legalization of civil partnerships between same-sex individuals. The proposed law would allow for the creation of a separate legal framework to register "civil partnerships" for same-sex couples, but it faced significant opposition from lawmakers and religious leaders, who view it as a redefinition of marriage and family. LGBT community supporters have called for equal recognition of marriage rights, emphasizing that Kosovo's Constitution guarantees the right to marry for all citizens.[47] In April 2024, Kosovo's Prime Minister Albin Kurti announced plans to pass a new Civil Code in May, which included provisions for civil partnerships between same-sex couples. This would have made Kosovo the second country in the Western Balkans, after Montenegro, to legally recognize such unions. However, the vote did not take place in May, and the process has been delayed indefinitely. The proposal faced opposition from some members of Kurti's party and religious leaders in Kosovo, who argued it would redefine marriage and family. The draft defines marriage as a legally recognized union between a man and a woman but allows for civil partnerships between same-sex couples. Despite the delay, Kurti remains confident that the legislation will eventually pass.[48]

Opinion polls

National polls

Polling firm Date LVV LDK PDK AAK-NISMA-CL Coalition Family List Coalition SL Others Abstention Lead
LVV A Guxo AAK NISMA CLK AKR PD
UBO 17 December 2024 47.1 – – 17.7 19.5 6.5 – – – 9.1 – 27.6
UBO 3–15 June 2024 49.6 – 0.7 15.5 17.0 8.6 – – 3.0 7.4 2.6 32.6
Albanian Post 1-10 June 2024 41.1 – – 19.2 19.6 5.8 – – – 5.1 9.2 21.5
ISRN 6 May 2024 38 – 1.5 18.2 17.2 12.4 1.7 – – 3.7 2.2 19.8
UBO 5 April 2024 49.5 – 0.6 16 17.1 6.9 – – 5.6 4.3 – 32.4
PIPOS 22 February 2024 40.9 0.1 0.4 21.5 20.4 9.0 – – – 0.4 4.6 19.4
UBO 16–23 December 2023 48.5 0.1 0.8 17.9 18.2 6.8 1.5 – – – 3.2 3.0 – 30.3
UBO 23 December 2022 42.6 0.2 1.3 19.8 19 7.3 2 – 0.2 – 4.3 3.4 – 22.8
PIPOS December 2022 35.5 – 1 22.2 21.5 6 2.4 – 0.4 – – 0.2 – 13.3
UBO September 2022 37.3 0.3 1.5 22.3 21.7 7.7 1.2 – 0.3 – 5.1 2.1 – 15
PIPOS August 2022 33.2 0.2 0.9 21.6 18.3 10.1 1.5 – 0.2 – – – – 11.6
PIPOS 7 July 2022 38.1 – 1.2 25.1 21.3 11.9 2.1 – – – – – – 13
UBO 18 June 2022 39.6 – 1.3 20.3 21.9 6.7 1.9 – – – 4.2 3.5 – 17.7
UBO May 2022 38.3 – – 17.7 19.7 6.5 – – – – – – – 18.6
UBO 7–15 March 2022 41.9 – 1.1 19.4 21.6 7.2 1 – 0.4 – 4.2 2.8 – 20.3
PIPOS 12 February 2022 34.7 – – 24.1 21.3 7.7 0.4 – – – – 0.5 – 10.6
2021 election 14 February 50.3  –  – 12.73 17.01 7.2 2.52  – with LDK  – 5.09 5.15  – 33.29

Seat projections

The projections below are calculated according to the opinion polls from above.

Date LVV LDK PDK AAK SL Other Lead
December 2024 52 20 21 7[c] 10 10 31
June 2024 55 17 19 9[c] 10 10 36
49 22 23 6[c] 10 10 26
May 2024 45 21 20 14[c] 10 10 24
April 2024 56 18 19 7[c] 10 10 37
February 2024 45 23 22 10[c] 10 10 22
December 2023 53 20 20 7 10 10 33
January 2023 48 22 22 8 10 10 26
December 2022 42 26 25 7 10 10 16
September 2022 42 25 24 9 10 10 17
August 2022 40 26 22 12 10 10 14
July 2022 40 26 22 12 10 10 14
June 2022 44 23 25 8 10 10 19
May 2022 47 21 24 8 10 10 23
March 2022 46 22 24 8 10 10 22
February 2022 40 27 24 9 10 10 13

Leadership approval

Dates
conducted 		Pollster Sample
size 		Vjosa Osmani Albin Kurti Lumir Abdixhiku Memli Krasniqi Ramush Haradinaj
Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net Pos. Neg. Net
6-27 May 2024 UBO 1,200 64% 30% +34% 59% 35% +24% 35% 54% -19% 28% 63% -35% 21% 66% -45%
Pollster Date Kurti Abdixhiku Krasniqi Hamza Haradinaj Limaj Osmani Pacolli Kusari-Lila Lead
Albanian Post June 2024 56.4 40.5 28.9 43.7 25.4 – 67.8 – – – [d]
45.6 18.6 – 20.5 6.2 – – – – 25.1
PIPOS February 2024 3.07 2.13 2.05 – 1.89 1.65 3.06 – – 0.01
PIPOS December 2022 26.7 20 17 – 7.2 2.9 11.8 0.4 0.4 6.7
PIPOS August 2022 2.98 2.92 2.60 – 2.38 2.13 3.37 2.33 2.31 0.39
PIPOS February 2022 28.9 18.6 13.3 – 6.2 1.5 7.3 0.5 – 10.3

Albin Kurti

The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Albin Kurti, prime minister of Kosovo since March 2021.

Pollster Date Approve Disapprove Lead
UNDP 25 July 2024 58.3 41.7 16.6
UNDP 28 February 2024 48.9 51.1 -2.6
UNDP 25 April 2023 51.5 48.5 3.0

Glauk Konjufca

The polls below asked voters for their opinion of Glauk Konjufca, chairman of Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo since March 2021.

Pollster Date Approve Disapprove Lead
UNDP 25 July 2024 64.4 35.6 28.8
UNDP 28 February 2024 52.2 47.8 4.7
UNDP 25 April 2023 58.3 41.7 16.6

Results

Results by municipalities

Results by Municipality
Municipality LVV PDK LDK AAK-led coalition AKR-led coalition SL Others
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Deçan
Dragash
Drenas
Ferizaj
Gjakova
Gjilan
Gračanica
Hani i Elezit
Istog
Junik
Kaçanik
Kamenica
Klina
Klokot
Kosovo Polje
Leposavić
Lipjan
Malisheva
Mamusha
Mitrovica
North Mitrovica
Novo Brdo
Obiliq
Parteš
Peja
Podujevë
Pristina
Prizren
Rahovec
Ranilug
Shtime
Skenderaj
Štrpce
Suva Reka
Viti
Vushtrri
Zubin Potok
Zvečan
Diaspora
Total
Source:

Notes

  1. ^ Guxo (6 Mps) and Alternativa (1) (Candidates run inside LVV list)
  2. ^ Although Memli Krasniqi is leader of the PDK, Bedri Hamza will be its candidate for Prime Minister
  3. ^ a b c d e f AAK-NISMA-CL coalition
  4. ^ Poll asked for the positive opinion and isn't a comparison of leaders

References

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  6. ^ Constitution 2020, p. 13, Article 45.
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Sources