en 1986 Grand Canyon mid-air collision

1986 Grand Canyon mid-air collision
Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6 · Helitech Flight 2
Accident
Date	June 18, 1986
Summary	Mid-air collision
Site	Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, United States
Total fatalities	25
Total survivors	0
First aircraft
	; A DHC-6 Twin Otter similar to the accident aircraft.
Type	DHC-6 Twin Otter
Operator	Grand Canyon Airlines
Call sign	CANYON 6
Registration	N76GC
Flight origin	Grand Canyon National Park Airport, United States
Destination	Grand Canyon National Park Airport, United States
Occupants	20
Passengers	18
Crew	2
Fatalities	20
Survivors	0
Second aircraft
	; A Bell 206 similar to the helicopter involved in the collision
Type	Bell 206
Operator	Helitech
Call sign	TECH 2
Registration	N6TC
Flight origin	Tusayan, Arizona, United States
Destination	Tusayan, Arizona, United States
Occupants	5
Passengers	4
Crew	1
Fatalities	5
Survivors	0

The Grand Canyon mid-air collision occurred when Grand Canyon Airlines Flight 6, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, collided with a Bell 206 helicopter, Helitech Flight 2, over Grand Canyon National Park on June 18, 1986. All 25 passengers and crew on board the two aircraft were killed. It remains the deadliest accident involving a helicopter on United States soil, surpassing the crash of Los Angeles Airways Flight 841 in 1968, which killed 23 people.^[1]^[2]

Collision

On the morning of the accident, Grand Canyon Airlines Canyon 6 took off from Grand Canyon National Park Airport at 8:55 am for a sightseeing flight over Grand Canyon National Park with two pilots and 18 passengers on board; the pilots were operating their second scenic flight for the day.^[3] At 9:13 am, Helitech Flight 2 took off from the company's heliport in Tusayan, Arizona, for a 30-minute sightseeing flight.^[3] At approximately 9:33, at an altitude of approximately 6,500 feet (2,000 m), the Bell 206 and DHC-6 collided, with the helicopter on the left of the Twin Otter and the two aircraft traveling at approximately right angles to each other.^[3] The helicopter's main rotor struck the nose landing gear and tail of the Twin Otter.^[3] The Bell 206's main rotor was torn off and disintegrated and the Twin Otter's tail separated, causing both aircraft to crash.^[3] All 20 passengers and crew on Canyon 6, and the pilot and four passengers on Tech 2, were killed in the accident.^[3]

Cause

The National Transportation Safety Board found that the crews of the two aircraft failed to 'see and avoid' each other, but could not determine why this occurred due to the lack of recorded flight data (there being no requirement for such recording for the scenic flights that were being operated).^[3] The accident investigation also found that the limited number of scenic points of interest in the Grand Canyon concentrated flights over these points, increasing the risk of collision; and recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulate the separation of flight routes of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.^[3] Following the accident, the FAA imposed changes to the operation of scenic flights over the Grand Canyon.^[3]