Anne McLaren, with John D. Biggers, reports the first mammals, a litter of mice, grown from embryos developed in vitro and transferred to a surrogate mother.[14]
May 27–June 2 – A joint meeting of the ACM and GAMM at ETH Zurich agrees to produce the International Algebraic Language, which will become the programming languageALGOL.
October 31 – The first clinical implantation into a human of a fully implantable artificial pacemaker takes place at the Karolinska Institute in Solna, Sweden, using a pacemaker designed by Rune Elmqvist and surgeon Åke Senning. The patient, Arne Larsson (1915–2001), survives until age 86, having been fitted with 22 pacemakers throughout his life.
^Crick, F. H. C. (1958). "On Protein Synthesis". In Saunders, F. K. (ed.). Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, Number XII: The Biological Replication of Macromolecules. Cambridge University Press. pp. 138–163.
^Gurdon, J. B. (1962). "The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles". Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. 10: 622–640. PMID13951335.
^Gurdon, J. (2000). "Not a total waste of time. An interview with John Gurdon. Interview by James C Smith". The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 44 (1): 93–99. PMID10761853.
^Lejeune, Jérôme; Gautier, Marthe; Turpin, Raymond (1959). "Les chromosomes humains en culture de tissus". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. 248: 602–603. Retrieved 2014-11-25.
^Eiseman, B.; Silen, W.; Bascom, G. S.; et al. (1958). "Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis". Surgery. 44 (5): 854–859. PMID13592638.
^Reynolds, Tim; et al. (2015). "Reconstructing Late Pleistocene Climates, Landscapes and Human Activities in Northern Borneo from Excavations in the Niah Caves". In Kaifu, Yousuke; et al. (eds.). Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press.
^Heider, Fritz (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.