احتياطي العملة

احتياطي العملة هو الكميات النقدية التي يحتفظ بها المصرف أو الدولة لأهداف معينة.[1][2][3] ففي بعض الدول يقوم المصرف المركزي بفرض نسبة معينة من الايداعات النقدية الفردية لدى المصارف، وتحتفظ هذه المبالغ في المصرف المركزي باسم الاحتياطي الإجباري، وقد تحتفظ البنوك بمقدار أعلى مما يطلب المصرف المركزي تحت مسمى احتياطي اختياري.

يوجد أيضا نوع آخر من الاحتياطي، وهو احتياطي الدولة من العملات الاجنبية، ويسمى احتياطي النقد الأجنبي. والهدف من الاحتياطي الإجباري هو حماية المودعين عبر الاحتفاظ بجزء من أموالهم لدى الدولة في حال تعرض البنك لأزمة معينة كالسرقة أو الإفلاس.

مراجع

  1. ^ "UN report calls for new global reserve currency to replace U.S. dollar". People's Daily, PRC. 30 يونيو 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-08-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-11-27.
  2. ^ "The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere", The Federal Reserve System: Purposes & Functions, a publication of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 9th Edition, June 2005 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-04-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-17.{{استشهاد ويب}}: صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ Menzie، Chinn؛ Jeffery Frankel (يناير 2006). "Will the Euro Eventually Surpass The Dollar As Leading International Reserve Currency?" (PDF). المكتب القومي للأبحاث الاقتصادية. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-04-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-10-11.

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