Pengepungan Samarkand (1220)

Pengepungan Samarkand (1220) terjadi pada tahun 1220 M setelah Genghis Khan, pendiri Kekaisaran Mongol, meluncurkan invasi terhadap Kekaisaran Khwarazm yang diperintah oleh Shah Muhammad II. Mongol telah mengepung kota perbatasan Otrar, tetapi karena kecerobohan pertahanannya, pasukan besar yang dipimpin oleh Genghis dan putranya yang termuda, Tolui, terpisah dari pasukan depan dan bergerak ke selatan, menuju Transoxiana.

Daftar pustaka

  • Bartlett, W. B. (2009). The Mongols: From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781848680883.
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  • Curtin, Jeremiah (2008). The Mongols: A History. Cosimo. ISBN 9781605201368.
  • Gabel, Christopher (2014). Great Commanders. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 9781782894469.
  • Hartog, Leo de (2004). Genghis Khan: Conqueror of the World. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 9781860649721.
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  • Marshall, Robert (1993). Storm from the East: From Ghengis Khan to Khubilai Khan. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520083004.

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