Patung Marduk
Patung Marduk digambarkan berada di atas naga Marduk , Mušḫuššu
Patung Marduk , juga dikenal sebagai Patung Bêl (Bêl ), adalah perwakilan fisik dari dewa Marduk, dewa penjaga kota kuno Babel , yang secara tradisional disimpan di kuil utama kota tersebut, Esagila . Terdapat tujuh patung Marduk di Babel, namun 'satu' Patung Marduk umum disebut sebagai patung utama dewa tersebut, yang utamanya ditempatkan di Esagila dan dipakai dalam upacara-upacara di kota tersebut. Patung tersebut dijuluki Asullḫi dan terbuat dari sebuah jenis kayu yang disebut mēsu dan dilapisi dengan emas dan perak.
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992), Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary , The British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8
Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire . Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575060316 .
Brinkman, J. A. (1973). "Sennacherib's Babylonian Problem: An Interpretation". Journal of Cuneiform Studies . 25 (2): 89–95. doi :10.2307/1359421 . JSTOR 1359421 .
Bryce, Trevor (2005). The Kingdom of the Hittites . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928132-9 .
Clifford, Richard J. (2003). "The Roots of Apocalypticism in Near Eastern Myth" . Dalam McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen. The Continuum History of Apocalypticism . Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0826415202 .
Cole, Steven W.; Machinist, Peter (1998). Letters From Priests to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal (PDF) . Helsinki University Press. ISBN 978-1575063294 .
Dalley, Stephanie (1997). "Statues of Marduk and the date of Enūma eliš". Altorientalische Forschungen . 24 (1): 163–171. doi :10.1524/aofo.1997.24.1.163 .
Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1989). A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire . BRILL. ISBN 978-9004091726 .
Dandamaev, Muhammad A. (1993). "Xerxes and the Esagila Temple in Babylon". Bulletin of the Asia Institute . 7 : 41–45. JSTOR 24048423 .
Deloucas, Andrew Alberto Nicolas (2016). "Balancing Power and Space: a Spatial Analysis of the Akītu Festival in Babylon after 626 BCE" (PDF) . Research Master's Thesis for Classical and Ancient Civilizations (Assyriology) . Universiteit Leiden.
George, A. R. (1997). "Marduk and the cult of the gods of Nippur at Babylon". Orientalia (NOVA Series) . 66 (1): 65–70. JSTOR 43076310 .
Herring, Stephen L. (2013). Divine Substitution: Humanity as the Manifestation of Deity in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3525536124 .
Hoover, Oliver D. (2011). "Never Mind the Bullocks: Taurine Imagery as a Multicultural Expression of Royal and Divine Power Under Seleukos I Nikator" . Dalam Iossif, Panagiotis P.; Chankowski, Andrzej S.; Lorber, Catharine C. More Than Men, Less Than Gods: Studies on Royal Cult and Imperial Worship . Peeters. ISBN 978-9042924703 .
Johns, C. H. W. (1913). Ancient Babylonia . Cambridge University Press. hlm. 124 . Shamash-shum-ukin.
Kosmin, Paul (2014). "Seeing Double in Seleucid Babylonia: Rereading the Borsippa Cylinder of Antiochus I" . Dalam Moreno, Alfonso; Thomas, Rosalind. Patterns of the Past: Epitēdeumata in the Greek Tradition . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199668885 .
Laing, Jennifer; Frost, Warwick (2017). Royal Events: Rituals, Innovations, Meanings . Routledge. ISBN 978-1315652085 .
Lipschits, Oded (2005). The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule . Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575060958 .
Leick, Gwendolyn (2009). The Babylonian World . Routledge. ISBN 978-0415497831 .
Luckenbill, Daniel David (1926). Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia Volume 1: Historical Records of Assyria From the Earliest Times to Sargon . University of Chicago Press.
Oppenheim, A. Leo (1949). "The Golden Garments of the Gods". Journal of Near Eastern Studies . 8 (3): 172–193. doi :10.1086/370928 . JSTOR 542839 .
Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Heleen (2002). "The Personality of Xerxes, King of Kings" . Brill's Companion to Herodotus . BRILL. hlm. 579–590. doi :10.1163/9789004217584_026 . ISBN 9789004217584 .
Schaudig, Hanspeter (2008). "" Bēl Bows, Nabû Stoops!" the Prophecy of Isaiah XLVI 1-2 as a Reflection of Babylonian "Processional Omens" ". Vetus Testamentum . 58 (4/5): 557–572. doi :10.1163/156853308X325281 . JSTOR 20504432 .
van der Spek, R. J. (2001). "The Theatre of Babylon in Cuneiform". Veenhof Anniversary Volume: Studies Presented to Klaas R. Veenhof on the Occasion of His Sixty-fifth Birthday : 445–456.
Steinkeller, Piotr (2012). "New Light on Marhaši and its Contacts with Makkan and Babylonia" . Aux Marges de l'Archéologie : 261–274.
Waerzeggers, Caroline (2004). "The Babylonian Revolts Against Xerxes and the 'End of Archives' ". Archiv für Orientforschung . 50 : 150–173. JSTOR 41668621 .
Waerzeggers, Caroline (2018). "Introduction: Debating Xerxes' Rule in Babylonia". Dalam Waerzeggers, Caroline; Seire, Maarja. Xerxes and Babylonia: The Cuneiform Evidence (PDF) . Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-90-429-3670-6 .
Walker, Christopher; Dick, Michael Brennan (1999). "The Induction of the Cult Image in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Mesopotamian mīs pî Ritual" . Dalam Dick, Michael Brennan. Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East . Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1575063423 .
Sumber web