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Orang Tionghoa di Jerman
Orang Tionghoa di Jerman|
| 212,000[1] | |
| Berlin,[2] Frankfurt am Main, Wilayah Ruhr, Munich, Hamburg | |
| Sejumlah ragam Tionghoa (umumnya Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu, dan Kanton), Jerman;[2] Inggris tak banyak dipakai[3] | |
| Buddha,[4] Kristen, Ateisme, Non-agama | |
| Tionghoa perantauan |
Orang Tionghoa di Jerman membentuk salah satu kelompok Tionghoa perantauan terkecil dan kurang dipelajari di Eropa, utamanya terdiri dari ekspatriat Tiongkok yang tinggal di Jerman dan warga Jerman keturunan Tionghoa.[5] Komunitas Tionghoa Jerman bertumbuh cepat dan, pada 2016, diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 212,000 menurut Institut Riset Populasi Federal.[1]
Referensi
Catatan
Sumber
- Benton, Gregor (2007), "Germany", Chinese Migrants and Internationalism, Routledge, hlm. 30–37, ISBN 978-0-415-41868-3
- Cheng, Xi (2002), "Non-Remaining and Non-Returning: The Mainland Chinese Students in Japan and Europe since the 1970s", dalam Nyíri, Pál; Savelev, Igor Rostislavovich, Globalizing Chinese Migration: Trends in Europe and Asia, Ashgate Publishing, hlm. 158–172, ISBN 978-0-7546-1793-8
- Christiansen, Flemming (2003), Chinatown, Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7007-1072-0
- Giese, Karsten (1999), "Patterns of Migration from Zhejiang to Germany", dalam Pieke, Frank; Malle, Hein, Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives, Surrey, United Kingdom: Curzon Press, hlm. 199–214
- Gütinger, Erich (1998), "A Sketch of the Chinese Community in Germany: Past and Present", dalam Benton, Gregor; Pieke, Frank N., The Chinese in Europe, Macmillan, hlm. 199–210, ISBN 978-0-312-17526-9
- Gütinger, Erich (2004), Die Geschichte Der Chinesen in Deutschland: Ein Überblick über die ersten 100 Jahre ab 1822, Waxmann Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8309-1457-0
- Kirby, William C. (1984), Germany and republican China, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-1209-5
- Leung, Maggi W. H. (2003), "Notions of Home among Diaspora Chinese in Germany", dalam Ma, Laurence J. C.; Cartier, Carolyn L., The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity, Rowman and Littlefield, hlm. 237–260, ISBN 978-0-7425-1756-1
- Leung, Maggi (2005), "The working of networking: Ethnic networks as social capital among Chinese migrant businesses in Germany", dalam Spaan, Ernst; Hillmann, Felicitas; van Naerssen, A. L., Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets: Patterns and Processes of Immigrant Labour Market Insertion in Europe, Routledge, hlm. 309–331, ISBN 978-0-415-36502-4
- Van Ziegert, Sylvia (2006), Global Spaces of Chinese Culture: Diasporic Chinese Communities in the United States and Germany, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-415-97890-3
Bacaan tambahan
- Giese, Karsten (2003), "New Chinese Migration to Germany: Historical Consistencies and New Patterns of Diversification within a Globalized Migration Regime", International Migration, 41 (3): 155–185, doi:10.1111/1468-2435.00245
- Leung, Maggi Wai-han (2004), Chinese Migration In Germany: Making Home In Transnational Space, Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, ISBN 978-3-88939-712-6
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