Kincir menara

Kincir menara adalah sebuah jenis kincir angin vertikal yang terdiri dari menara bata atau batu, yang diduduki sebuah atap atau 'puncak' kayu, yang dapat memutar untuk menangkap angin.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Sejarah

Kincir menara bermula dalam sejarah tertulis pada akhir abad ke-13 di barat Eropa; catatan terawal dari keberadaannya adalah dari 1295, dari Stephen de Pencastor of Dover, namun tanggal ilustrasi awal berasal dari dari 1390.^[6]

Kutipan

^ Righter, Wind energy in America: A History, (1996) 14
^ A short history of technology: from the earliest times to A.D. 1900 (1993), 255
^ Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia (2005), 520
^ Watts, Water and wind power (2000), 125
^ Ball, Natural sources of power (1908), 243
^ Hills, Power from wind: a history of windmill technology, (1996) 51–60

Referensi

Lucas, Adam . Wind, water, work: ancient and medieval milling technology. (BRILL, 2006)
Righter, Robert W. Wind energy in America: A History. (University of Oklahoma Press, 1996)
Hills, Richard Leslie. Power from wind: a history of windmill technology. (Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Langdon, John. Mills in the medieval economy: England, 1300–1540. (Oxford University Press, 2004)
Thomas Kingston Derry and Trevor Illtyd William. A short history of technology: from the earliest times to A.D. 1900. (Courier Dover Publications, 1993)
Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia: Volume 11 of Routledge encyclopedias of the Middle Ages. (Routledge, 2005)
Harvard University. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Volume 187. (Pergamon Press, 1919)
Watts, Martin. Water and wind power. (Osprey Publishing, 2000)
Ball, Robert Steele. Natural sources of power. (D. Van Nostrand company, 1908)
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Miller in Eighteenth Century Virginia. (Colonial Williamsburg, 1958)
Cipolla, Carlo M. Before the industrial revolution: European society and economy, 1000–1700. (W. W. Norton & Company, 1994)