Ketumunan

Dysoxylum
Dysoxylum gotadhora
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
Klad:	Tracheophyta
Klad:	Angiospermae
Klad:	Eudikotil
Klad:	Rosid
Ordo:	Sapindales
Famili:	Meliaceae
Subfamili:	Melioideae
Genus:	Dysoxylum Blume ex Raspail (1827)
Spesies tipe
Dysoxylum macrocarpum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don[1]
Spesies
Lihat teks
Sinonim[2]
Daftar Alliaria Rumph ex Kuntze (1891) (non Heist. ex Fabr.: nom. illeg., nom. superfl., preoccupied) Disoxylon Rchb. (1837), orth. var. Disoxylum A.Juss. (1830 publ. 1831), orth. var. Disyphonia Griff. (1854), nom. provis. Dysoxylon Bartl. (1830), orth. var.) Harpagonia Noronha (1790), nom. nud. Lachanodendron Reinw. (1823), nom. nud. Plutea Noronha (1790), nom. nud.

Ketumunan (Dysoxylum) adalah genus pohon hutan hujan dan perdu dalam keluarga tumbuhan berbunga Meliaceae. Sekitar 34 spesies dikenali dalam genus ini, tersebar dari India dan Cina selatan melalui Asia Tenggara hingga Papua, Kepulauan Solomon, dan Australia.[2] Namanya berasal dari kata Yunani Dys ("buruk", mengacu pada "bau tak sedap") dan Xylon ("kayu").[3][4]

Daftar Spesies[2]

• Dysoxylum acutangulum Miq.[5]
• Dysoxylum beddomei Hiern
• Dysoxylum brachybotrys Merr.[6]
• Dysoxylum carolinae Mabb.[7]
• Dysoxylum cupuliforme H.L.Li
• Dysoxylum cyrtobotryum Miq.[8]
• Dysoxylum enantiophyllum Harms[9]
• Dysoxylum flavescens Hiern[10]
• Dysoxylum gotadhora (Buch.-Ham.) Mabb.[11] - Sinonim: Dysoxylum ficiforme (Wt.) Gamble
• Dysoxylum grande Hiern; Sinonim: D. verruculosum Merr. [12][13]
• Dysoxylum hoaense (Pierre) Pellegrin
• Dysoxylum juglans (Hance) Pellegrin
• Dysoxylum kaniense Harms[14]
• Dysoxylum latifolium Benth.[15][16]
• Dysoxylum laxiracemosum C.Y.Wu & H.Li
• Dysoxylum macrocarpum Blume[17]
• Dysoxylum magnificum Mabb.[18]
• Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C.DC.
• Dysoxylum medogense C.Y.Wu & H.Li
• Dysoxylum middletonianum W.N.Takeuchi
• Dysoxylum oliveri Brandis
• Dysoxylum oppositifolium F.Muell.[19][20]
• Dysoxylum pachyrhache Merr.[21]
• Dysoxylum pallens Hiern in J.D.Hooker[22]
• Dysoxylum papillosum King[23]
• Dysoxylum perryanum Pierre
• Dysoxylum poilanei Pellegr.
• Dysoxylum pumilum Mabb.[24]
• Dysoxylum purpureum Bourd.
• Dysoxylum quadrangulatum Culmsee
• Dysoxylum randianum Merr. & L.M. Perry [25]
• Dysoxylum rubrocostatum Pierre
• Dysoxylum rugulosum King[26]
• Dysoxylum swaminathanianum Anil Kumar & Sivad.

Dahulu Ditempatkan Disini

• Didymocheton aliquantulus A.C.Sm.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum aliquantulum A.C.Sm.)
• Didymocheton aneityensis (Guillaumin) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum aneityense Guillaumin)
• Didymocheton annae (Mabb.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum annae Mabb.)
• Didymocheton bijugus (Labill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum bijugum (Labill.) Seem., D. leratianum Guillaumin, D. parvifolium C.DC., D. patersonianum (Endl.) F.Muell., & D. unijugum C.DC.)
• Didymocheton boridianus (Mabb.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum boridianum Mabb.[27])
• Didymocheton canalensis (Baill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum canalense (Baill.) C.DC.)
• Didymocheton fraserianus (A.Juss.) Mabb. & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum becklerianum C.DC., D. fraserianum (A.Juss.) Benth., D. lessertianum (A.Juss.) Benth., & D. ptychocarpum Radlk.)
• Didymocheton gaudichaudianus A.Juss. – kedoya (sebagai Dysoxylum albiflorum C.DC., D. amooroides Miq., D. bakerarum Guillaumin, D. betchei C.DC., D. blancoi Vidal,[28] D. decandrum (Blanco) Merr., D. gaudichaudianum (A.Juss.) Miq., D. intermedium Merr. & L.M.Perry, D. macrophyllum Teijsm. & Binn., D. maota Reinecke, D. otophorum Miq., D. pubescens Teijsm. & Binn., D. quaifei C.DC., D. rufum var. glabrescens Benth., D. salutare Fern.-Vill., D. spanoghei Miq., & D. vestitum Warb.)
• Didymocheton hornei (Gillespie) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum hornei Gillespie)
• Didymocheton huntii (Merr. ex Setch.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum huntii Merr. ex Setch.)
• Didymocheton kouiriensis (Virot) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum kouiriense Virot)
• Didymocheton lenticellaris (Gillespie) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum lenticellare Gillespie)
• Didymocheton loureiroi (Pierre) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum loureiroi (Pierre) Pierre ex Laness.)
• Didymocheton macranthus (C.DC.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum macranthum C.DC.)
• Didymocheton macrostachyus (C.DC.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum macrostachyum C.DC.)
• Didymocheton minutiflorus (Baill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum minutiflorum C.DC.)
• Didymocheton mollis (Miq.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum molle Miq., D. mollissimum subsp. molle (Miq.) Mabb., & Dysoxylum velutinum Koord.)
• Didymocheton mollissimus (Spreng.) Mabb. (sebagai D. alliarum (Buch.-Ham.) N.P.Balakr., D. filicifolium H.L.Li, D. floribundum Merr., D. hainanense Merr., D. hainanense var. glaberrimum F.C.How & T.C.Chen, D. hamiltonii Hiern in J.D.Hooker, D. leptorrhachis Harms, D. mollissimum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don, D. octandrum (Blanco) Merr., D. schizochitoides (Turcz.) C.DC., & D. teysmannii C.DC.)
• Didymocheton muelleri (Benth.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum muelleri Benth.)
• Didymocheton multijugus (Seem.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum seemannii Gillespie)
• Didymocheton myriandrus (A.C.Sm.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum myriandrum A.C.Sm.)
• Didymocheton nutans Blume (sebagai Dysoxylum nutans (Blume) Miq.[29])
• Didymocheton pachyphyllus (Hemsl.) Mabb. & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum pachyphyllum Hemsl.)
• Didymocheton pachypodus (Baill.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum pachypodum (Baill.) C.DC.)
• Didymocheton papuanus (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum micranthum Merr. & L.M.Perry & D. papuanum (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Mabb.[30][31])
• Didymocheton pauciflorus (Merr.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum biflorum Merr., D. laxum Merr., & D. pauciflorum Merr.)
• Didymocheton pettigrewianus (F.M.Bailey) Hauenschild & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum pettigrewianum F.M.Bailey[32])
• Didymocheton phaeotrichus (Harms) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum phaeotrichum Harms[33])
• Didymocheton roseus (Baill.) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum comptonii Baker f., D. coriaceum Guillaumin, D. couveleense Guillaumin, D. francii C.DC. ex Bonati, D. gamosepalum Baker f., D. pancheri (Baill.) C.DC., D. pancheri var. subsessilifolium C.DC., D. robertsii C.DC. D. roseum C.DC., & Dysoxylum vieillardii C.DC.)
• Didymocheton rufescens (Vieill. ex Pancher & Sebert) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum rufescens Vieill. ex Pancher & Sebert)
• Didymocheton rufus (A.Rich.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum rufum (A.Rich.) Benth.)
• Didymocheton sessilis (Miq.) Kosterm. (sebagai Dysoxylum sessile Miq.)
• Didymocheton setosus (Span.) Mabb. & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum setosum (Span.) Miq.[34][35])
• Didymocheton sparsiflorus (Mabb.) Mabb.) (sebagai Dysoxylum sparsiflorum Mabb.[36])
• Didymocheton spectabilis (G.Forst.) Mabb. & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum spectabile (G.Forst.) Hook.f.)
• Didymocheton stellatopuberulus (C.DC.) Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum carrii Harms, D. hirtum Ridl., & D. stellatopuberulum C.DC.[37])
• Didymocheton tenuiflorus (A.C.Sm.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum tenuiflorum A.C.Sm.)
• Didymocheton tongensis (A.C.Sm.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum tongense A.C.Sm.[38])
• Didymocheton variabilis (Harms) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum variabile Harms[39])
• Epicharis alata (Harms) Harms (as Dysoxylum alatum Harms)
• Epicharis brevipanicula (C.DC.) Hauenschild & Mabb. (as Dysoxylum brevipaniculum C.DC.)
• Epicharis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms (as Dysoxylum cumingianum C.DC.)
• Epicharis cuneata (Hiern) Harms (as Dysoxylum angustifoliolum Merr., D. beccarianum C.DC., D. cauliflorum Hiern, D. cuneatum Hiern, D. foxworthyi Elmer)
• Epicharis densiflora – majegau (sebagai Dysoxylum densiflorum (Blume) Miq.)
• Epicharis gillespieana (A.C.Sm.) Holzmeyer & Hauenschild (sebagai Dysoxylum gillespieanum A.C.Sm.)
• Epicharis parasitica (Osbeck) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum brachypodum Baker f., D. callianthum Merr. & L.M.Perry, D. caulostachyum Miq., D. densevestitum C.T.White & W.D.Francis, D. fissum C.T.White & W.D.Francis ex Lane-Poole, D. fragrans Elmer, D. glochidioides Elmer ex Merr., D. leytense Merr., D. loheri Merr., D. longicalicinum C.DC., D. longiflorum Merr., D. longipetalum C.DC., D. megalanthum Hemsl., D. novoguineeuse Warb., D. parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm.,[40][41][42] D. ramiflorum Miq., D. richardsonianum Merr. & L.M.Perry, D. robinsonii Merr., D. roemeri C.DC., D. rumphii Merr., D. schiffneri F.Muell., D. sericeum (Blume) Adelb., & D. speciosum (A.Juss.) Miq.)
• Goniocheton arborescens Blume (sebagai Dysoxylum arborescens (Blume) Miq.[43][44][45])
• Goniocheton brassii (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Hauenschild & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum brassii Merr. & L.M.Perry)
• Goniocheton lenticellatus (C.Y.Wu) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum lenticellatum C.Y.Wu)
• Prasoxylon alliaceum (Blume) M.Roem. (sebagai Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Blume ex A.Juss.)
• Prasoxylon angustifolium (King) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum angustifolium King[46])
• Prasoxylon excelsum (Spreng.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum excelsum (Spreng.) Blume ex G.Don)
• Prasoxylon hapalanthum (Harms) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum hapalanthum Harms)
• Prasoxylon hongkongense (Tutcher) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum hongkongense (Tutcher) Merr.)
• Prasoxylon klanderi (F.Muell.) Mabb. & Holzmeyer (sebagai Dysoxylum klanderi F.Muell.)
• Prasoxylon rigidum (Ridl.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum rigidum (Ridely) Mabb.[47])
• Pseudocarapa championii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Thwaites) Hemsl. (sebagai Dysoxylum championii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Thwaites)
• Pseudocarapa crassa (Mabb.) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum crassum Mabb.)
• Pseudocarapa dumosa (King) Holzmeyer & Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum dumosum King)
• Pseudocarapa inopinata Harms (sebagai Dysoxylum inopinatum (Harms) Mabb.)
• Pseudocarapa yunzaingensis (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Mabb. (sebagai Dysoxylum yunzaingense Merr. & L.M. Perry)

Referensi

1. Holzmeyer, Laura; Hauenschild, Frank; Mabberley, David J.; Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N. (2021). "Confirmed polyphyly, generic recircumscription and typification of Dysoxylum (Meliaceae), with revised disposition of currently accepted species". Taxon. 70 (6): 1248–1272. doi:10.1002/tax.12591 . 
2. Dysoxylum Blume ex Raspail. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
3. Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). "Dysoxylum Blume". Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. hlm. 287. ISBN 9780958174213. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 April 2013. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2014.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
4. Boland, D. J.; Brooker, MIH; Chippendale, GM; N Hall; BPM Hyland; RD Johnston; DA Kleinig; MW McDonald; JD Turner (Dec 2006). Forest Trees of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. hlm. 120–. ISBN 978-0-643-09894-7. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2013. 
5. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum acutangulum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
6. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum brachybotrys". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
7. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum carolinae". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
8. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum cyrtobotrium". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
9. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum enantiophyllum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
10. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum flavescens". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
11. Peng & Mabberley (2008) Flora of China. Online "Dysoxylum gotadhora". Diakses tanggal 18 Mar 2013. 
12. Peng & Mabberley (2008) Flora of China. Online "Dysoxylum grande". Diakses tanggal 18 Mar 2013. 
13. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum grande". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
14. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum kaniense". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
15. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum latifolium". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
16. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum latifolium". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
17. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum macrocarpum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
18. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum magnificum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
19. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum oppositifolium". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
20. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum oppositifolium". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
21. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum pachyrhache". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
22. Peng & Mabberley (2008) Flora of China. Online "Dysoxylum pallens". Diakses tanggal 18 Mar 2013. 
23. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum papillosum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
24. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum pumilum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
25. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum randianum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
26. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum rugulosum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
27. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum boridianum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
28. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
29. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum nutans". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
30. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum papuanum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
31. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum papuanum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
32. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum pettigrewianum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
33. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum phaeotrichum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
34. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum setosum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
35. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum setosum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
36. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum sparsiflorum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
37. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum stellatopuberulum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
38. Yuncker, T. G. (July 1959). "Dysoxylum tongense A.C.Sm". Plants of Tonga (Digitised, online, via hathitrust.org). B. P. Bishop Museum Bulletin. 220. Honolulu, Hawaii: B. P. Bishop Museum. hlm. 158. Diakses tanggal 7 Nov 2013. 
39. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum variabile". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
40. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum parasiticum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
41. Peng & Mabberley (2008) Flora of China. Online "Dysoxylum parasiticum". Diakses tanggal 18 Mar 2013. 
42. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum parasiticum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
43. F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Dysoxylum arborescens". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
44. Peng & Mabberley (2008) Flora of China. Online "Dysoxylum arborescens". Diakses tanggal 18 Mar 2013. 
45. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum arborescens". Diakses tanggal 21 Mar 2013. 
46. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum angustifolium". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 
47. Mabberley et al. (1995) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online "Dysoxylum rigidum". Diakses tanggal 27 May 2013. 

Karya yang Dikutip

• F.A. Zich; B.Hyland; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan. "Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Home". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants (RFK8). Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2021. 
• Mabberley, David J.; Pannel, C. M.; Sing, A. M. (1995). "Dysoxylu". Flora Malesiana (Digitised, online). Series I, Spermatophyta : Flowering Plants: Vol. 12 pt. 1: Meliaceae. Leiden, The Netherland: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. hlm. 61–133. ISBN 90-71236-26-9. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2021. 

• Peng, Hua; Mabberley, David J. (2008). Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P. H., ed. "Dysoxylum Blume". Flora of China. Online version. eFloras.org. Beijing and St. Louis, MO: Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2013.