^Pada tahun 427 ibu kota dipindahkan ke Pyongyang, namun lokasi ibu kota berpindah sedikit ke timur dari Istana Anhak di Pyongyang ke lokasi kastil pyongyang saat ini pada tahun 586 setelah perencanaan yang matang mengenai pembangunan kastil baru. kastil pyongyang(sebuah proyek yang diselenggarakan oleh kagun) yang dikenal sebagai Janganseong sejak tahun 522.[2][3][4]
^Jeon, Hotae (2007). Koguryŏ = Koguryo, the origin of Korean power & pride. Seoul: Northeast Asia History Foundation. hlm. 25–27. ISBN9788991448834.
^Lee, Ki-Baik (1984). A New History of Korea. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. hlm. 38–40. ISBN067461576X. "This move from a region of narrow mountain valleys to a broad riverine plain indicates that the capital could no longer remain primarily a military encampment but had to be developed into a metropolitan center for the nation's political, economic, and social life."
^Kim, Jinwung (5 November 2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict (dalam bahasa Inggris). Indiana University Press. hlm. 36. ISBN978-0253000781. Diakses tanggal 15 July 2016. "Because Pyongyang was located in the vast, fertile Taedong River basin and had been the center of advanced culture of Old Chosŏn and Nangnang, this move led Koguryŏ to attain a high level of economic and cultural prosperity."