Cynipidae

Gall wasp
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Diversitas
	at least 80 genera

Tawon empedu adalah hymenopteran dari keluarga Cynipidae di keluarga super tawon Cynipoidea. Nama umum mereka berasal dari empedu yang mereka hasilkan pada tanaman untuk perkembangan larva.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Referensi

^ The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Stone et al. (2002) Annual Review of Entomology Vol. 47: 633-668
^ Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313339226.
^ Kidd, Russell (September 10, 2012). "Tree galls are rarely cause for concern". Michigan State University Extension.

[Stone_2002-1] The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Stone et al. (2002) Annual Review of Entomology Vol. 47: 633-668

[Piper_2007-2] Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313339226.

[Kidd_2012-3] Kidd, Russell (September 10, 2012). "Tree galls are rarely cause for concern". Michigan State University Extension.

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