Cotton Mather, FRS (12 Februari 1663 – 13 Februari 1728; A.B. 1678, Harvard College; A.M. 1681, dokterandes kehormatan 1710, Universitas Glasgow) adalah seorang pendeta Puritan, pengarang, dan pembuat pamflet asal New England yang berpengaruh secara politik dan sosial. Ia meninggalkan warisan saintifik karena eksperimen hibridasinya dan promosinya terhadap inokulasi untuk pencegahan penyakit, meskipun ia lebih dikenal pada masa sekarang karena ia terlibat dalam pengadilan penyihir Salem. Ia kemudian menolak jabatan presiden Harvard College yang sempat dipegang oleh ayahnya, Increase Mather.
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