Biaya audiensi

Biaya audiensi adalah istilah dalam teori hubungan internasional untuk menyebut hukuman yang diterima seorang pemimpin dari rakyatnya apabila ia memicu krisis kebijakan luar negeri dan tidak mau bertanggung jawab.^[1] Istilah ini dipopulerkan dalam sebuah artikel akademik tahun 1994 oleh James Fearon.^[2]^[3]

Referensi

^ James Fearon (7 September 2013). "'Credibility' is not everything but it's not nothing either". The Monkey Cage. Diakses tanggal 8 January 2014. I'm drawing here on arguments about what the IR literature usually calls 'audience costs,' which are domestic political costs a leader may pay for escalating an international dispute, or for making implicit or explicit threats, and then backing down or not following through.
^ Fearon, James D. (September 1994). "Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Dispute". American Political Science Review. 88 (3): 577–592. doi:10.2307/2944796.
^ Tomz, Michael (2007). "Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach". International Organization. 61 (4): 821–40. doi:10.1017/S0020818307070282. ISSN 0020-8183. The seminal article is Fearon 1994.

Artikel bertopik ilmu politik ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] James Fearon (7 September 2013). "'Credibility' is not everything but it's not nothing either". The Monkey Cage. Diakses tanggal 8 January 2014. I'm drawing here on arguments about what the IR literature usually calls 'audience costs,' which are domestic political costs a leader may pay for escalating an international dispute, or for making implicit or explicit threats, and then backing down or not following through.

[Fearon94-2] Fearon, James D. (September 1994). "Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of International Dispute". American Political Science Review. 88 (3): 577–592. doi:10.2307/2944796.

[Tomz2007-3] Tomz, Michael (2007). "Domestic Audience Costs in International Relations: An Experimental Approach". International Organization. 61 (4): 821–40. doi:10.1017/S0020818307070282. ISSN 0020-8183. The seminal article is Fearon 1994.

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Biaya audiensi

Referensi

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